2018考研翻译硕士:虚拟语气(3)
时间:2017-10-24 来源:文都网校 浏览:为帮助备考翻译硕士考研的同学们更好地复习,文都网校考研频道小编整理了“语法之——虚拟语气”的相关内容,希望对2018考研的考生们有所帮助,一起来看看吧。
1、It's (high/ about) time +从句
从句谓语did或should + do (should 不可省), 表示是应该做某事的时候了。
例如:该是我们的孩子学点规矩了。
It is high time (that) our children learned some manners.
2、wish +宾语从句:虚拟语气用于wish之后的宾语从句中,常译为“但愿....要是...就好了”
宾语从句谓语
与现在愿望相反 did(be动词一般用were)
与过去愿望相反 had done
与将来事实相反的假设 would/could + do
例 ① I wish I could travel to the moon.
我希望我能去月球上旅行。
② I wish I had not attended that party.
我希望我没参加过那个聚会。
③I wish I could fly to the moon one day.
我希望有一天可以飞到月球上去.
3、 if only的虚拟和wish用法与下面 as if和as though 的用法相同。
4、as if 或as though +方式状语从句的虚拟方式与wish相同
① He looks as if he were an artist.
他看起来很像个艺术家。
② She speaks English as if she had studied English in America.
她讲英语如此流利,就好像在美国留学过。
(3) He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A.
他如此努力的学习英语,就好像他要去美国似的。
注意:若从句中的情形是根据现在的迹象做出的推测,有可能发生,则用陈述语气,表示推测的可能性,为了排除异议,可翻译为“大概”。
例:①It is becoming dark. It looks as if it's going to rain.
天越来越暗了,看起来大概马 上就要下雨了。
②It looks as if he has been to America.
看来去大概他已经去美国了。
5、在目的状语从句中
在in case,lest,for fear that, in order that, so that 引导的目的状语从句中,译为“以免”,谓语动词用“could/ would/ should/ might + 动词原形”,表示虚拟。
(for fear that和in case 可代替lest)
例:①她给他打电话以防他出去。
She called him lest he should go out.
②他们动身很早以免和他碰面。
They left early for fear that they would meet him.
③Please remind me of it again tomorrow lest I (should) forget.
明天请再提醒我一下,免得我忘记。
注意:不是所有情况下都虚拟,当后面是为了预防某件事发生时,表示“以防止发生”,可以用虚拟。
当后面是为了应对将要发生的事情时,现在时表将来,表示“应对”。
例: Write the telephone number down in case you (should) forget.
把电话号码写下来以免忘了。(为了应对忘记)
You'd better take an umbrella (just) in case it rains.
你最好带把伞,以防下雨。(为了应对下雨)
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