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双重医学原则:2020何凯文每日一句第243句

　　今天的句子：

　　The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.

　　Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect, "a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.

　　Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.

　　56. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that ________.

　　[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain

　　[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives

　　[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide

　　[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide

　　解析：

　　1 .The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.

　　句子结构：

　　A carries important implications for B

　　A 对于B意义重大;

　　A= The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide

　　B= how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering

　　参考译文：最高法院关于在医生协助下自杀的决定对于医学界如何免除临终病人的疼痛和苦难而言意义重大。

　　2 .Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect, "a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.

　　这个句子可以这样切分和独立成句：

　　1). Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide

　　2). the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect

　　3). a centuries-old moral principle

　　This is a centuries-old moral principle

　　4). holding that

　　This principle holds that…

　　5). an action is permissible

　　6). having two effects

　　An action has two effects

　　7).a good one that is intended

　　The one is good one that is intended.

　　8). a harmful one that is foreseen

　　The other is the harmful one that is forseen.

　　9). if the actor intends only the good effect

　　调序：123467895

　　参考译文：虽然最高法院作出裁决，在医生协助下的自杀并不具备宪法权利，但是法庭实际在支持一种双重效果的医学原则。这是一种有几百年历史的道德原则，这种原则认为：一种行为有两种效果，一种是好的，想要达到的效果，一种是有害的可以预见的效果，如果行为人只想达到好的效果，那么这种行为就是可被允许的。

　　(这是目前世界上对这个句子最清晰的解析!)

　　3 .Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, /even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.

　　参考译文：最近几年，医生都在使用这种原则来证明使用大剂量的吗 啡来控制绝症病人的疼痛是正当的，即使增加剂量会最终杀了病人。

　　56. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that ________.

　　[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain

　　第三句中说了: have used (现在完成时)选项是(used to)过去常常，所以排除。

　　[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives

　　第二句的第一个小分句说了: there is no constitutional right= illegal;

　　doctors to help the dying end their lives= physician-assisted suicide

　　完美的同意替换!正确答案!

　　[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide

　　最高法院并没有强烈的反对!第二句第二个小分句说明法庭其实在支持!

　　[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide

　　病人没有“在医生协助下自杀的权利”

　　但是病人有自杀的权利，所以这个选项是偷换!

　　——KK

　　更多可查看：何凯文每日一句2019年汇总

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