考研

　　2018考研复习进行时，考研英语阅读真题中的文章，多摘自英美主流外刊，有时候你认识所有单词、搞清全部语法还不够，还需要了解英美文化，掌握他们的表达方式，这就是考研英语阅读的潜台词。

　　New words elected in Collins dictionary in 2017

　　柯林斯词典2017年度词汇

　　Fake news has been derided by the American president and accused of influencing elections.

　　“假新闻”曾受到美国总统特朗普的嘲讽，还被指责影响了总统大选。

　　But ’fake news’ is today valid news after being named Collins dictionary’s Word of the Year 2017.

　　但如今“假新闻”也“正当”了，被评为《柯林斯词典》2017年度词汇。

　　Usage of the term, which is defined as ’false, often sensational, information disseminated under the guise of news reporting’, has risen by 365 percent since 2016 and will be added to the next print edition of Collins Dictionary.

　　“假新闻”的定义是“假借新闻报道散播的虚假的、常常具有煽动性的信息。”自2016年以来，“假新闻”的使用量上涨了365%，并将被添加到下一版的印刷版《柯林斯词典》中。

　　While ’fake news’ will be added to the print edition, other words that will be added to the Collins Dictionary website include ’gender-fluid’, ’cuffing season’ and ’Insta’.

　　除了将被添加到印刷版的“假新闻”，还有一些词汇将被添加到该词典的网络版，包括“流性人”、“套套狂欢季”和“Insta”。

　　In his first 11 months as leader of the free world, Donald Trump has regularly claimed that news stories in the media are ’fake news’.

　　在特朗普当选美国总统后的11个月里，他常说媒体的报道是“假新闻”。

　　He even suggested he invented the word ’fake’ last month during an interview.

　　上月一次采访中，他还表示是自己创造了“虚假”这个词。

　　He told Christian channel Trinity Broadcasting: ’I think one of the greatest of all terms I’ve come up with is ’fake.’

　　他还告诉基督教频道三一广播说：“我认为我想出的所有词汇中，最好的一个就是‘虚假’”。

　　I guess other people have used it, perhaps, over the years, but I’ve never noticed it.’

　　“我猜其他人在这么多年中也用过这个词，也许吧，但我之前从没注意过。”

　　Helen Newstead, Collins’ head of language content, said: ’Much of this year’s list is definitely politically charged, but with a new president in the US and a snap election in the UK it is perhaps no surprise that politics continues to electrify the language.

　　《柯林斯词典》语言内容负责人海伦-纽斯特德说：“今年的上榜词汇大部分都与政治有关。但美国有了新总统，英国也提前大选了，所以政坛继续贡献新词也许不足为奇。”

　　Fake news’, either as a statement of fact or as an accusation, has been inescapable this year, contributing to the undermining of society’s trust in news reporting’, she added.

　　她补充说：“不管是一种事实陈述还是一种谴责，‘假新闻’无疑是今年的年度词汇，它破坏了社会对新闻报道的信任。”

　　Lexicographers, the people who compile dictionaries, also included ’gender-fluid’ on their list of words of the year.

　　词典编纂者还将“流性人”添加到了年度词汇榜单中。

　　The phrase was defined as ’not identifying exclusively with one gender rather than another’ and has been frequently referred to over recent months.

　　“流性人”指的是“无法确定为男性或者女性的人”，近几个月，这一词汇使用频率非常高。

　　Its increasing popularity has been reflected by stores such as John Lewis and Mothercare who have created clothing ranges which are not labelled as specifically for ’girls’ or ’boys’.

　　约翰-路易斯和Mothercare等商店推出了一些并未注明女装或者男装的服饰系列，这也反映出“流性人”越来越流行。

　　Echo chamber’, which refers to sharing opinions in places like social media where only people with similar views will see them, also made it onto the list.

　　上榜的流行语还有“回音室”，指的是在社交媒体等平台分享观点，只有持类似观点的人会看到。

　　Among the most regularly used new words was ’cuffing season’, which is the habit of single people seeking a partner for the winter months but not necessarily for a longer period.

　　“套套狂欢季”是使用频率最高的新词之一，指的是单身男女在冬季寻找伴侣、但不一定发展为长期恋爱的现象。

　　Gig economy’, which describes an economy built around temporary or freelance workers and ’Insta’, to describe things relating to the photo-sharing app Instagram, were also popular words this year.

　　“零工经济”指的是由临时员工和自由职业者构成的经济领域。“Insta”指的是与图片分享应用Instagram相关的事物。这两个词汇也入选今年的流行语。

　　Last year also saw a political phrase named word of the year - ’Brexit’ was chosen by Collins following the 2016 EU referendum.

　　2016年的《柯林斯词典》年度词汇“脱欧”也是政治词汇，是2016年英国脱欧公投后选出的。

　　All of the new words and meanings will be added to the Collins Dictionary website and will be considered for inclusion in future print editions.

　　所有新词和含义将被添加到《柯林斯词典》网络版，并有望在今后添加进印刷版。

　　Others include:

　　上榜的其他流行语还有：

　　Corbynmania: Fervent enthusiasm for Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn.

　　科尔宾狂热：对英国工党领袖杰瑞米-科尔宾的极度狂热。

　　Unicorn: Recently launched business valued at more than one billion dollars.

　　独角兽：市值超过10亿美元的初创企业。

　　Antifa noun: (1) an antifascist organization (2) a member of an antifascist organization; adjective: (3) involving, belonging to, or relating to an antifascist organization

　　反法西斯主义：用作名词时指的是反法西斯组织或其成员，用作形容词时指参与、属于、或与反法西斯组织相关。

　　Fidget spinner: a small toy comprising two or three prongs arranged around a central bearing, designed to be spun by the fingers as means of improving concentration or relieving stress.

　　指尖陀螺：有两三个围绕中心轴承排列的尖头的小玩具，可用手指将其旋转，用以提高注意力或减轻压力。

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