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　　Text 4

　　Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project's greatest cheerleader's talk of a continent facing a "Bermuda triangle" of debt, population decline and lower growth.

　　As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone's economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.

　　Yet the debate about how to save Europe's single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone's dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.

　　Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country's voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigors; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.

　　A "southern" camp headed by French wants something different:"European economic government" within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.

　　It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world's largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.

　　36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .

　　[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets

　　[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned

　　[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro

　　[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation

　　37. The debate over the EU's single currency is stuck because the dominant powers .

　　[A] are competing for the leading position

　　[B] are busy handling their own crises

　　[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization

　　[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration

　　38. To solve the euro problem, Germany proposed that .

　　[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased

　　[B] stricter regulations be imposed

　　[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination

　　[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed

　　39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __ __.

　　[A] poor countries are more likely to get funds

　　[B] strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries

　　[C] loans will be readily available to rich countries

　　[D] rich countries will basically control Eurobonds

　　40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel __ __.

　　[A] pessimistic

　　[B] desperate

　　[C] conceited

　　[D] hopeful

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A-G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text(41-45). There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose "fat taxes" on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.

　　The demands follow comments last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.

　　But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald's.

　　They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or binge drinking.

　　"Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be," said the leader of the UK's children's doctors.

　　Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and confectionery could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign, the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticised the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing" people was not the best way to change their behaviour.

　　Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before the 9pm watershed and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. "If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes - by setting stringent limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events," he said.

　　Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering "inducements" such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.

　　Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: "If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front."

　　He also urged councils to impose "fast-food-free zones" around schools and hospitals - areas within which takeaways cannot open.

　　A Department of Health spokesperson said: "We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this."

　　The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.

        Part C

　　Directions:

　　In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

　　Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do-roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?

　　Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.

　　However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.

　　Section IV Writing

　　Part A

　　Direction: Suppose your cousin, Liming, has just been admitted to a university, write him/her a letter to

　　1) congratulate him/her, and

　　2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.

　　Your should write about 100 words on ANSER SHEET 2.

　　Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead.

　　Do not write the address. (10 points)

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　Write a short essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should

　　1) interpret the chart and

　　2) give your comments.

　　You should write at least 150 words.

　　Write your essay on ANWER SHEET 2.(15 points)

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