考研

翻译硕士考试常用缩略词大盘点(2)

时间:2013-06-25 来源:文都教育 浏览: 分享:

      关于 翻译硕士考试常用缩略词,前文中, 文都教育小编和大家分享了大概7类别,翻译涉及范围很广泛,各个行业、领域,有很多专业的术语和众多的缩略。为此,今天小编要继续向大家推荐一些英语缩略,帮助大家打好基础,做好翻译。下面我们来看第二部分。

     

      常用英文缩略词:

      ∴=therefore

      ∵=because

      △=replace

      W/=with

      Building=bldg

      very expensive=v exp

      education=edu

      air-conditioner=a/c

      CR=credit贷方,债主

      DR=debt借贷方

      (注意:国外常说的debt card,就是银行卡,credit card就是信誉卡。这里都是指银行和财务公司说的,你的银行卡,是你将钱放入银行,银行是“借贷方”,所以叫做debt卡。用credit卡,是你从银行或者财政公司借钱,银行或公司是“贷方”,所就叫credit。)

      Exp=Expense花费,费用

      O/H=overhead常用开支

      TC=total cost总费用

      FC=fixed cost常设费用

      VC=variable cost变动费用

      P=profit竟利润

      S=sales销售总额

      Rev=revenue利润

      MC=marginal cost费用差额

      GM=gross margin毛利

      MR=marginal revenue利润差额

      A/R=acount receivable待收款(销售后,记账以后收取。)

      A/P=account payable代付费(花费后记账,以后付费。)

      PMT=payment支付款

      N/I=net income纯收入

      AMT=amount数额

      DCT=discount打折

      军事术语

      USMC=海军陆战队 NAVY=海军

      AF=AIR FORCE(空军) ARMY=陆军

      宗教类

      C=CHRISTIANISM(基督教) J=JUDAISM(犹太教)

      C=CATHOLICISM(天主教) B=BUDDHISM(佛教)

      I=ISLAM(伊斯兰教) NR=NO REFERENCE(没有宗教信仰)

      国际性或全美性:

      UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural organization)联合国教育科学文化组织(也叫国际文教组织)

      NATO(North Atlantic Treaty organization)北大西洋公约组织。

      例如:Could(the)NATO members stick to their commitments?(NATO 的成员能坚守承担义务吗?)

      SALT(Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty)战略武器限制公约

      例如:Should every nation join(the)SALT?(每个国家都要加入 SALT?)

      NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)美国航天太空总署

      例句:The U.S. space programs depend on the performances of NASA.(美国的太空计画是靠NASA的表现而定。)

      (注:以上缩写字也被人们当做一个字看待)

      WHO(World Health organization)世界卫生组织

      例句:Taiwan has been trying to become one of the WHO members.(台湾一直想办法成为WHO的成员之一)

      FBI(Federal Bureau of Investigation)联邦调查局(负责美国境内)

      CIA(Central Intelligence Agency)中央情报局(负责国外)

      例句:Over the past years, Dr. and Mrs. Lee have worked for both FBI and CIA.(过去多年来李博士夫妇都为 FBI 和 CIA 工作)

      FDA(Food and Drug Administration)美国食品药物管理局

      例句:This new drug has to be approved by the FDA.(这新药要经 FDA 批准)

      USDA(United States Department of Agriculture)美国农业部

      例句:USDA supplies myriad of information on agriculture market.(有关农业市场,USDA 供应大量资料。)

      IRS(Internal Revenue Service)美国税务局

      例句:Employees working for IRS should be courteous toward tax payers.(IRS 员工对纳税人应该有礼貌)

      NAACP(National Association for the Advancement of Color People)(全国黑人权益促进会,即黑人为了增进权益的最大机构)

      例句:Many African-Americans join NAACP.(许多美国黑人参加 NAACP)

      NIH(National Institute of Health)

      例句:Mr. Wang has worked at NIH as a researcher.(王先生在 NIH 担任研究员)

      AARP (American Association of Retired People.)(美国退休人员协会)

      例句:At age 50, you are eligible to be a member of AARP.(如果你 50 岁就可以成为 AARP 的会员)

      AAUP (American Association of University Professors) (美国大学教授协会)

      例句:The AAUP has many branches at different colleges and universities in the U.S. (AAUP 在美国各大学有很多分会)

      SCORE (Services Corps of Retired Executives)(退休主管服务队)(这是美国企业界主管退休后,免费担任顾问,协助年轻人创业的团体。)

      (注意:corps 单复数一样,发音与 corpse 不同,要小心。)

      (注:老外在机构名称缩写字前面,有时加冠词 the, a ,an,有时不加,不过在正式文件里,通常都加。)

      2. 一般考试名称:

      SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) 学术能力倾向测验 (就是美国为高中生想进大学而设的考试)

      例句:The well-known universities accept new students based on SAT scores and well-rounded personalities. (名大学接受新生根据 SAT 成绩及各方面优良的品德)

      GPA (Grade Point Average)(学业成绩总平均)

      例句:His GPA always stands on the top of his class. (他的 GPA 都是全班第一)

      GED (General Equivalent Diploma); 一般同等文凭(高中没有毕业的学生,如果参加 GED,及格后,就可取得高中毕业证书)

      例句:If he passes GED test, he will earn a high school diploma.

      AP (advanced placement) 在校高中生,如果选修 AP 课程,考试及格,将来进大学时,可不必再修。

      例句:His son took some AP courses at high school.

      GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test) 美国为攻读企管硕士 (MBA) 学生而设的入学考试

      例句:In order to enter a MBA program, you need a high score on GMAT.

      LSAT (Law School Admission Test) 美国为攻读法律学生而设的入学考试

      例句:He did very well in his LSAT. (他的 LSAT 考得不错)

      MCAT (Medical College Admission Test) 美国为进入医学院学生而设的考试

      例句:Do you think he will do well in his MCAT?

      GRE (Graduate Record Exam) 这是美国大学研究所对一般研究生的入学考试

      例句:Most American graduate schools require GRE scores.(多半美国研究所需要 GRE 成绩)

      TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) 外国学生想进美国大学的英语能力考试(即所谓:「托福」考试)

      例句:Almost all Chinese college graduates are required to take TOEFL if they come to the U.S. for advanced degrees. (几乎所有的中国大学毕业生都要参加 TOEFL,假如他们要到美国取得高学位的话。)

      CLEP(College Level Exam Program) 任何人只要有学识专长,都可参加这种考试,一旦及格,就可取得大学的学分。

      例句:As long as you pass CLEP, You may earn college credits.(只要你通过 CLEP,就能获得大学学分。)

      (注:老外一般所谓「大学」只说 College,不说 University)

      ESOL(English for Speakers of Other Languages) 这是美国为新来移民或外国学生所设的特别英语课程。也叫 ESL(English as a Second Language)

      例句:Many American campuses offer ESOL courses for foreign students.(许多美国校园为外国学生开设 ESOL 课程)

      3. 一般生活方面:

      EOE (Equal Opportunity Employer) 这是美国各机构招考员工时向申请工作者表明自己是「平等机会雇主」。

      例句:All African-Americans hope that their employments will be based on EOE.(所有美国黑人都希望他们的工作机会均等)

      DOQ (Depending on Qualifications) 根据申请工作者的资历决定是否雇用。

      例句:The DOQ policy is being used by our school in hiring new teachers. (聘请新教师时,本校采用 DOQ 政策。)

      PR (Public Relation) 公共关系

      例句:The college president wants to improve its PR with the community.(大学校长想与社区增进公共关系)

      CEO (Chief Executive Officer) 最高行政执行长 (多半指企业界或公司领导人)

      例句:The CEO of this company will resign because of poor health. (这公司的 CEO 因为身体不好而辞职)

      CPA (Certified Public Accountant) 美国有执照的会计师

      例句:Do you have a CPA to prepare your income tax?(你有 CPA 为你报税吗?)

      COLA (Cost of Living Adjustment) 生活费用的调整(即加薪时是按生活指数而定)

      例句:Our annual pay raise will be based on COLA.

      STD (Sexually Transmitted Disease) = VD = Venereal Disease 性病(现在 STD 较常用)

      例句:Many teen-agers face STD problems.(许多青少年面临 STD 问题)

      SOA (Sexually oriented Advertisement) 有关性方面的广告

      例句:Don't you feel we have too much SOA in the media?(你不认为在媒体上有太多的 SOA 吗?)

      GOP (Grand Old Party) 美国共和党另一称呼 = Republican Party

      例句:The GOP has nominated Mr. Bush as its Presidential candidate.(GOP 已提名 Bush 先生为总统候选人)

      PMS (Pre-menstrual Syndrome) 这是女人在月经前不舒服或心情不好所常用的缩写字

      例句:Don't bother her; she has PMS.

      ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) 指青少年不能集中注意力,静不下来的一种病症。

      例句:Tens of thousands of youngsters are suffering from ADHD in the U.S. (在美国成千上万的青少年有 ADHD 的毛病)

      RSVP (Respondez sil vous plait) 这是法文,通常在请帖上使用的「敬请回音」= Please reply(或 respond)

      例句:There is“RSVP”on the invitation card.

      BYOB (bring your own bottle) 老外请客时,为了减少负担或个人爱好酒的品种,在请帖上注明「请自己带酒」。

      例句:Whenever he invites guests, he asks “BYOB”。 (他只要请客,就要人家自己带酒。)

      AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Sydrome) 爱滋病

      例句:AIDS has spread all over the world.

      CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation) 心脏病急救法

      例句:Everyone should learn how to do CPR.

      EKG (Electrocardiography) 心电图检查 (不是 ECG)

      例句:Her physician asks her to have an EKG next week. (医生要她下周做 EKG)

      IV (intravenous injection) 为病人注射的点滴

      例句:In the hospital emergency room, I saw a patient with an IV on his arm. (在医院大的急诊病房里,我看见一个病人在打点滴)

      R&B----research and development 研究开发

      CAD----computer assisted design 计算机辅助设计

      CTV----cable television 有线电视

      PCS----program control switches 程控电话交换机

      IDD----international direct dialing 国际长途直拨

      Int-tele----internet telephone 因特网电话

      Mob tele----mobile telephone 移动电话

      B-ISTN---- 宽带综合业务数字网

      E-b----E-business 电子商务

      SOE----state-owned enterprise 国有企业

      FIE----foreign-invested enterprise 外资企业

      FDI----foreign direct investment 外国直接投资

      JV ----joint venture 合资经营

      SEZ----special economic zone 经济特区

      TQC----total quality control 全面质量管理

      CI ----corporate image 企业形象

      h.o.---head office 总部

      IT-----information industry 信息产业

      memo---memora0000 备忘录

      5yr-P-----Five-Year Plan 五年计划

      telcom-----telecommunication 通讯

     

      知识靠积累,考试靠坚持,希望大家不断积累,坚持不懈,最终收获胜利的果实。更多 翻译硕士考试信息关注文都教育在线

    文都2023考研福利群:1009102006【加群

    文都2023考研交流群:690522225【加群

    文都2024考研交流群群:1095571237【加群

    文都四六级资料分享群:671078088【加群

    热门课程
    热文排行