考研

　　2016考研专业课大纲:中国农大基础英语 考试大纲

　　中国农业大学硕士研究生入学考试初试科目 考试大纲

　　科目代码、名称：726 基础英语

　　适用专业：英语语言文学

　　一、 考试说明

　　“基础英语”是英语语言文学专业硕士研究生的入学考试科目之一。考试的目的是公平、公正地测试考生对英语语言文学专业基础知识理解及运用能力。评价标准为高等学校英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的相关知识基础、基本素质和综合能力，能够在被录取后顺利开展学习与科研工作。

　　二、 考试范围及考试形式

　　本考试的范围包括英语专业技能和英语专业知识两部分。英语专业技能包括各种英语技能的综合训练，如综合英语、高级阅读等;2016考研专业课大纲英语专业知识指英语语言文学基础知识，包括英语语言学、英语文学和英语文化的基础概念及简单应用等。

　　考试形式为笔试，满分为150分。答题方式为闭卷、笔试。

　　试卷包括试题册和答题纸。考生应按卷面要求将答案写在答题纸上。

　　三、 考试内容与基本要求

　　本考试主要包括三个部分：词汇语法、阅读理解和专业基础知识。

　　1. 词汇语法(Part 1: Vocabulary and Grammar)

　　该部分的测试要求为：

　　1) 考生应具备认知英语词汇10000个左右，能根据上下文的提示正确理解词汇含义，且能正确而熟练使用其中5000个左右及其常见的搭配。

　　2) 熟练掌握主谓一致关系、2016考研专业课大纲表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等句型、直接引语和间接引语的用法、动词不定式和分词的用法、各种时态、主动语态、被动语态、虚拟语气和构词法等。

　　3) 熟练掌握句子之间和段落之间的衔接手段如照应、省略和替代等。能够熟练使用各种衔接手段，连贯、清晰、合乎逻辑地表达思想。

　　该部分采用多种测试形式，如选词填空、2016考研专业课大纲完型填空、连线、单项或多项选择题、改错题、简答题等备选题型，每次考试从中选择至少三种题型进行测试。本部分共50分。

　　2. 阅读理解(Part 2: Reading Comprehension)

　　该部分的测试要求为：

　　1) 能读懂如《华盛顿邮报》、《洛杉矶时报》、《华尔街日报》之类的英美报刊上的社论、政治和书评，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实和细节, 着重会考察报刊中多层次语义的表达;

　　2) 能读懂2016考研专业课大纲一般历史传记及文学作品。既能理解其字面意义又能理解其隐含意义, 能欣赏文学名著，对于耳熟能详的一些文学作品，比如狄更斯、王尔德、W.H奥登、海明威等作家，能够分析其作品的风格和语言的特色;

　　3) 能分析上述题材的文章的思想观点、通篇布局、语言技巧及修辞手法;

　　4) 能够在阅读中调整自己的阅读速度。根据文章的信息分布，合理分配运用各种阅读或速读技能。平均阅读速度应达到或超过150个单词/分钟。

　　该部分采用单项或多项选择题、简答题，以及根据对文章信息的理解进行填空等题目。由数篇材料组成，每篇材料后面有若干小题。阅读材料的选材有：

　　1) 题材广泛，包括社会、文化、科技、经济、2016考研专业课大纲日常知识和人物传记等;

　　2) 体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、描写文、议论文、广告、说明书和图表等。

　　本部分共50分。

　　3. 专业基础知识(Fundamental Linguistics and English Literature)

　　该部分的测试要求为：了解和掌握英语语言学有关语音和音系、形态、词法、句法、语义、语用、文体、语言与社会、语言与心理、语言与认知、语言与计算机、语言学与外语教学、语言测试、语言学流派等基本理论和语言研究的基本方法。熟悉英美文学史、英语国家文学经典、英美概况，掌握英语文学、文化基础知识，具备一定的专业赏析能力。

　　该部分由5-8题组成。语言学考题主要通过描写单词中每个音的发音部位、发音方法考察语音和音系部分;通过对某一特定词汇的分析，考察对于构词法的认识;用树形图解释语义模糊和语义含混的现象来考察句法学。问答题会涉及语言学中有关语言与社会、语言认知、语言研究方法以及语言学最新研究动态等方面的内容。英语文学与文化考题主要考察英语文学术语、文学事件、作家作品和文化常识，2016考研专业课大纲题型为填空、简答、赏析等。不过，考试分值主要分布在基础知识的考察上，专业分析与赏析能力考察部分主要目的在于选拔优秀的英语语言文学人才。本部分共50分。

　　四、 样题

　　为了帮助考生更好地了解本考试的形式与难度，下面将给出一些题型样题供参考。

　　Part 1： Vocabulary and Grammar

　　A. Match each word in the left column with the correct definition in the right column.

　　1. brackisha. important parts of the body like the heart, liver, and lungs

　　2. fertilizeb. helpful to humans

　　3. moldc. to make pregnant

　　4. hystericald. to detect or find

　　5. humanitarian e. somewhat salty

　　B. Choose the word with the closest meaning to each underlined word or phrase.

　　1. After running the marathon, he was unable to exert any strength.

　　A. make B. find C. use D. have

　　2. From the available evidence, the detective was able to deduce that he has committed the crime.

　　A. know B. infer C. imply D. decide

　　C. Fill in the blank with the proper form of the word given.

　　With the (0) growth in air travel, airports have become symbols of (0) grow

　　international importance, and are (17) designed by well-known(17) frequent

　　architects. Airports have (18) facilities nowadays.(18) impress

　　There are (19) departure lounges, where passengers wait(19) comfort

　　before boarding their (20) , 2016考研专业课大纲restaurants, shopping areas and(20) fly

　　banks. Good road and rail communications with nearby towns and cities

　　are also essential.

　　Part 2：Reading Comprehension

　　As long as her parents can remember, 13-year-old Katie Hart has been talking about going to college. Her mother, Tally, a financial-aid officer at an Ohio university, knows all too well the daunting calculus of paying for a college education. Last year the average yearly tuition at a private, four-year school climbed 5.5 percent to more than $17,000. The Harts have started saving, and figure they can afford a public university without a problem. But what if Katie applies to Princeton (she's threatening), where one year's tuition, room and board--almost $34,000 in 2002--will cost more than some luxury cars? Even a number cruncher like Tally admits it's a little scary, especially since she'll retire and Katie will go to college at around the same time.

　　Paying for college has always 2016考研专业课大纲been a humbling endeavor. The good news: last year students collected $74 billion in financial aid, the most ever. Most families pay less than full freight. Sixty percent of public-university students and three quarters of those at private colleges receive some form of financial aid--mostly, these days, in the form of loans. But those numbers are not as encouraging as they appear for lower-income families, because schools are changing their formulas for distributing aid. Eager to boost their magazine rankings, which are based in part on the test scores of entering freshmen, they're throwing more aid at smarter kids--whether they need it or not.

　　The best way to prepare is to start saving early. A new law passed last year makes that easier for some families. So-called 529 plans allow parents to sock away funds in federal-tax-free-investment accounts, as long as the money is used for "qualified education expenses" like tuition, room and board. The plans aren't for everyone. For tax reasons, some lower- and middle-income families may be better off choosing other investments. But saving is vital. When's the best time to start? "Sometime," says Jack 2016考研专业课大纲Joyce of the College Board, "between the maternity ward and middle school."

　　…

　　1. What does the author intend to illustrate with the example of the Harts?

　　A. the difficulty of paying the tuition

　　B. the far-sight of the parents

　　C. the promising future of Katie

　　D. the increasing tuition in the university

　　2. What can we infer from the second paragraph?

　　A. Some families are too poor 2016考研专业课大纲to pay the full amount of the tuition.

　　B. The parents do not favor the form of loans.

　　C. Paying the tuition makes the parents feel humble.

　　D. Those who are in great need may not get what they need.

　　3. What does the author mean by “better off”(Line 5, Paragraph 3)?

　　A. richer B. wiser

　　C. happier D. luckier

　　Part 3: Fundamental Linguistics and English Literature.

　　1. Draw the structure trees 2016考研专业课大纲for the following example:

　　the boy found the man with a telescope.

　　2. What is ‘morphology’? What is ‘root, stem and word’ respectively? Try to analyze the word ‘unsystematically’ with the principle you described.

　　3. What is Alexander Pope’s contribution to literary criticism?

　　4. Place the following works in their proper century, indicate whether each is a poem, a play, a novel, etc., and give the full name of the author.

　　Title Century Genre Author

　　A. Antony and Cleopatra

　　B. Dubliners

　　C. U. S. A.

　　5. Identify (the title of the work and the full name of the author) the quotation below and explain the implication of the underlined parts:

　　No hungry generations tread thee down;

　　The voice I hear this passing night was heard

　　In ancient days by emperor and clown: