考研

　　“逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜。”时光如白驹过隙，转瞬即逝。各位同学，复习进度如何?赶紧行动起来哦!文都考研英语老师继续为2018考研同学们梳理历年真题阅读文章中涉及的要点，包括词汇、短语、长难句以及简单的阅读方法。接下来看一下考研英语真题阅读2012年Text 4，这篇文章主要探讨了工会组织的情况。

　　In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.

　　average wage“平均工资”;state sector相当于public sector“国营部门”;gain“收益”;benefit“补助金，津贴”;work practice“工作实践”;repeatedly“反复地，多次”;backload结合语境，可以理解为“调整”;pay deal“薪资待遇”;modest“适度的”;add to“增加”;pension“津贴”;generous“慷慨的”。

　　Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.

　　vigorously“强有力地”，也可以表示“精力旺盛地”;oppose“反对”，也可以用be opposed to;egregiously“惊人地，异乎寻常地”;charter school“特许公立学校”;academy“研究院”;merit pay“绩效工资”;drawn-out“持续很久的”;quality“素质”;variable“可变因素”;fight against“反对，与...作斗争”;get rid of“摆脱，除去”，在此结合语境，可以表示“淘汰”;promote“晋升，提拔”。

　　... politicians have begun to clamp down... have rallied ... the hardline Republican governor...

　　clamp down“施加压力”;rally“团结”;hardline“强硬的”。

　　... that the norms of culture ... suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers... who earn well above ... sports coaches ... Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem ...

　　norm“标准，规范”;suit“适合”;stay put“待在原地”;be bad for“对...不利”;high achiever“取得高成就的人”;well above“远高于”;sports coach“体育教练”;fat pay packet“丰厚的薪水”;criticism“批评”，动词形式criticize;reward“奖励”。

　　以上就是文都考研英语老师为大家梳理的2012年Text 4后四段的要点。“学而时习之，不亦说乎?”某些知识点，尤其是相对陌生的，复习一遍是不够的。对于相对重要的内容，建议各位同学定期回顾，同时应用于实践。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。

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