考研

　　2016 考研英语阅读的学习，很多时候是通过考生平时一点一滴练习积累起来的。为此，文都网校特意在《经济学人》中节选了本段文章，希望对 2016考研的同学们有所帮助，切记在阅读的同时也不要忘记思考呦。

　　Give someone who is sick a sugar pill that you have told him is a powerful drug, and it will often make him feel better. Even if you tell him what it really is, he may still feel better. The placebo effect, as this phenomenon is known—from the Latin for “I shall please”—is one of the strangest things in medical science. It is a boon to doctors and a bane of those running clinical trials, who must take account of it in their designs. But how it works is obscure. 给病人一粒糖片，而你告诉他这是一颗特效药，这粒糖片常常能使他感觉好许多。即使你告诉他这颗药的真相，他也许依旧感觉不错。安慰剂效应——该词来源于拉丁语“我将安慰”，被认为是医学中最奇怪的现象之一。它对医生来说是福利，而对那些临床试验工作者却是烦恼，因为在他们的试验设计中必须考虑到这一因素。至于安慰剂效应是如何起作用的，仍难以解释。

　　One thing that is known about the placebo effect is that it involves several brain systems, each under the control of a particular type of messenger molecule, called a neurotransmitter. These systems, like everything else in the body, are regulated by genes. This has led some researchers to ask whether different versions of the genes in question might modulate a person’s susceptibility to placebos. 关于安慰剂效应，已知的一点是它涉及到了几个大脑系统，每一个都由一种特殊的信使分子控制，称为“神经递质”。和机体其他系统一样，这些系统也是由基因控制。这让一些研究者产生了疑问：涉及到的不同基因版本是否可能调节个体对安慰剂的敏感性。

　　A review of these researchers’ studies, published recently in Trends in Molecular Medicine by one of them, Kathryn Hall of Harvard Medical School, and her colleagues, suggests genes do indeed seem to matter. Dr Hall looked for links between the placebo effect’s strength and certain mutations, known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in which a single DNA “letter” in a gene is changed. 最近，由哈佛大学医学院研究人员凯瑟琳·霍尔(Kathryn Hall)和她同事一同发表在《分子医学进展》上的一篇综述表明：基因确实很关键。霍尔博士寻找了安慰剂效应强度和某些基因突变之间的联系，这些突变被称为“单核苷酸多态性”(SNPs)，其基因中单个DNA的碱基“字母”序列发生改变。

　　这项研究还处于初级阶段(preliminary)，但是这对未来的医疗手段会产生很大影响。基于基因测试，这可能用来预测个体是否会体验到强安慰剂效应，将允许医生减少规定药物的剂量。总之，这类题材的泛读是非常有必要的，可以增加我们对相关文化背景信息的了解，从而顺利的理解文章。