考研

　　2016 考研英语阅读的学习，很多时候是通过考生平时一点一滴练习积累起来的。为此，文都网校特意在《经济学人》中节选了本段文章，希望对 2016考研的同学们有所帮助，切记在阅读的同时也不要忘记思考呦。

　　【原文】Banning smoking would be wrong. But discouraging smoking is entirely legitimate: smokers pollute the air other people breathe, they damage their families when they die prematurely, and the addictive nature of the habit weakens the argument that smoking is a freely chosen pleasure

　　【参考译文】禁止吸烟看起来是不符合法理的(因为吸烟本身并不是什么非法的事情)。但是，劝阻抽烟却是完全合法的，因为烟民污染别人呼吸的空气，烟民的过早死亡毁坏了他们的家庭，抽烟这种习惯的成瘾性也弱化了抽烟是对快乐的自由选择这一观点。

　　【原文】The most effective measure against smoking is taxation. The WHO reckons that it should be at least three-quarters of the value of a pack.

　　【参考译文】税收是最有效的控烟手段。世界卫生组织认为税率应该至少占到一包烟价值的四分之三。而且，在提高税收之余，政府也要同时收紧对它们的边境。

　　【原文】The idea of developing countries leapfrogging rich ones is familiar in technology, but it can apply to social policy, too. Over the past half-century, the rich world has learned slow and painful lessons about how to persuade people not to take up smoking, or to quit it if they already have. Low and middle-income countries can adopt those measures before their citizens get addicted.

　　【参考译文】在技术领域，发展中国家超越发达国家的想法是很熟悉的，但是同样可以应用到社会政策里面。在过去的半个世纪里面，富国已经学习了漫长而又痛苦一课，这是关于如何说服人们不抽烟或者戒烟的。低收入和中等收入国家可以在其公民染上烟瘾之前尽快采取这些措施。

　　最后，我们来总结一下，要想帮助公众戒烟，到底可以采取哪些具体的措施呢?

　　其一：Bans on smoking in public places can have immediate benefits.

　　公共场所禁烟将会迅速产生效果。

　　其二：electronic cigarettes can help: 7% of British quitters use them.

　　电子烟也有帮助，7%的英国戒烟者在使用。

　　其三：Gruesome public-information campaigns can help.

　　恐怖的公共信息战也有作用。

　　例如：美国的“来自戒烟者的小建议”运动，通过展示因吸烟相关疾病致残的人，说服了大约100000人戒烟。America’s “Tips From Former Smokers” campaign, which showed people crippled by smoking-related diseases, persuaded around 100,000 people to quit. 哥斯达黎加和菲律宾给决心戒烟者发送了包含戒烟小建议的短信。Costa Rica and the Philippines send aspiring quitters text messages with handy tips on giving up.

　　中国在2015年也开始实行了公共场所全面禁烟，之后的禁烟运动会取得卓有成效的发展。所以禁烟这个话题会是我们2016考研的人们话题，希望大家认真学习这篇文章的核心内容以及表达，不仅是对考研英语阅读而言，对考研英语写作也会有很大的帮助。