考研

　　考研英语词汇考察形式很多样，熟词僻义较为常见，下面文都网校考研频道整理了一些经典的熟词僻义，考察频率很大，背单词不要单纯死记硬背一种意思，2018考研考生可以好好记下来!

　　engagement n字据契约;交战

　　He doesn’t have enough money to meet all his engagement他没有足够的钱来偿还所有的债务。

　　The general tried to avoid an engagement with the enemy.将军尽力避免了与敌人交战。

　　engineer vt.设计, 建造, 监督;策划; 图谋

　　He engineered a railway.他设计过一条铁路。

　　He had powerful enemies who engineered his downfall.他的敌人势力强大, 他们策划了他的下台。

　　enrich vt加料于, 增进(食品的)营养价值[滋味] Music can enrich your life. 音乐能丰富你的生活。

　　entail vt限定继承The castle and the land are entailed on the eldest son. 城堡和土地限定由长子继承

　　enter vt. & vi.登录;将...输入She is entering her 25th year.她登录年纪是25岁。

　　He showed me how to enter data into the computer.他告诉我如何将数据输入计算机。..

　　enterprise n事业心, 进取心He is a man of great enterprise.他很有进取心。

　　entertain vt (不用于进行式)准备考虑 He refused to entertain our proposal.他拒绝考虑我们的建议

　　entertainment n娱乐, 文娱节目, 表演会This is an interesting entertainment.这是一个有趣的文娱节目。

　　entry n登记, 条目, 词条The entry of all expenditure is necessary.有必要把一切开支入账。

　　equal vt比得上Few cars can equal this kind of cars for speed.很少有其他车在速度上比得上。

　　equation n 把...等同起来The equation of wealth with happiness can be dangerous.把财富与幸福等同很危险。

　　erupt vi突然发生Laughter erupted from the audience.笑声从观众席上爆发出来。

　　出疹Rashes have erupted all over my back.我背上出满了疹子。

　　escape n消遣, 解闷I read love stories as an escape from reality.我阅读爱情小说以逃避现实。

　　She read detective stories as an escape. 她看侦探小说解闷。

　　vt疏忽, 遗漏, 记不住, 没引起注意;逸出; 禁不住说出透射, 贯穿, 穿透

　　His name escapes me. (=His name escapes my memory.)我记不得他的名字了。

　　A moan escaped the patient.那病人不禁呻吟了一声。

　　He narrowly escaped death.他九死一生。

　　vi/n漏出;流出[(+from/out of)]Gas is escaping from the pipe. 煤气正从管中逸出。

　　Can you smell an escape of gas? 你能闻到漏出的煤气吗?

　　essay vt作尝试;试图[+to-V]He essayed to speak . 他试图发言。

　　establish vt确定, 证实;安置The police established that she was innocent.警察查明她是无罪的。

　　They established themselves in Greece.他们在希腊定居下来。

　　【真题例句】All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,

　　although a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 【2004年完型】

　　所有这些情况都趋向于增加儿童犯罪的可能性，尽管其中的直接因果关系尚未得到证实。

　　establishment n当权派, 当局The Establishment has reached a decision.当局已做出决定。

　　estate n 人生阶段;身份,地位[U];财产遗产;大片地区(如住宅/工业/商业区)

　　the holy estate of matrimony.神圣的婚姻生活

　　When his father died, he left an estate of one million dollars.他父爹死时留了一百万遗产

　　There is no reason to believe that people of every estate will support the political platform.

　　没有理由相信各种社会地位的人都会拥护这个政纲。

　　The new housing estate borders on the motorway. 新住宅区紧接高速公路。

　　estimate n判断;对....评价估价

　　I don't know her well enough to form an estimate of her abilities.我对她不太了解, 无法对她的能力做出判断。

　　I asked a contractor to estimate for the repair of the house. 我请了承包商估计修缮这幢房子的费用。

　　eternal adj似乎不停的Stop this eternal chatter!不要唠叨个不停!

　　evaporate vi.消失, 不复存在His hopes evaporated.他的希望破灭了。

　　even adj相等的, 均衡的Our scores are now even.我们得分现在相等。

　　【真题例句】English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. 【2004阅读Text2】

　　英语名字很均匀地分布在字母表的前后两部分。

　　一致的;同样的;齐的[(+with)]Her teeth were white and even. 她的牙齿洁白而整齐。

　　偶数的4,6,8,10,etc are even numbers.4，6，8，10是偶数。

　　evidence n【律】证人, 证词迹象There is no material evidence.没有物证。

　　There are evidences that somebody has been living here.有迹象显示有人一直住在这里。

　　evil n 不幸时刻The evil is now irremediable 这种不幸时刻现在是无法补救了。

　　exact vt.要求, 强求The job exacts care and attention.这项工作需要谨慎和集中精力。

　　It is impracticable for some parents to exact obedience of their children.有些父母强令其子女服从是不现实的。

　　强要;勒索The kidnappers exacted ransoms for their hostages. 绑匪勒索人质的赎金。

　　examination n讯问His statement won't bear the examinations.他的供述经不起讯问。

　　excess n过度, 过分;那些从赔偿金中提取的数额;过分的行为;暴行[P]

　　【真题例句】One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s,

　　it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand.

　　不必对此次油价上涨过分担心的另一原因是和上世纪70年代不同，此次上涨不是在物价普遍上涨和需求

　　过度的背景下发生的。【2002阅读Text3】

　　She has an excess of anger.她爱过度地生气。

　　The excesses committed by the invaders will never be forgotten. 人们永远不会忘记侵略军犯下的暴行。

　　a 过分的多余的.They boiled the excess liquid away 他们煮去了多余的液体。

　　excite vt激发, 引起The professor's lecture excited our interest.教授讲的课引起了我们的兴趣。

　　excuse vt.原谅, 宽恕;使免除准许...离去;让...走开[O2]

　　That will excuse him another trip.那将省得他再跑一趟。

　　He cannot come this evening, so he asks you to excuse him.他今晚不能来, 所以他请你原谅。

　　Please excuse me for a while. 请允许我离开一会儿。

　　execute vt.处决A month or two later they executed the king.一两个月以后他们处死了国王。

　　演奏(乐曲等);扮演(角色等)The part of Othello was badly executed. 奥赛罗这个角色演得不好。

　　【律】(经签名盖章等手续)使(证书等)生效;执行(判决,遗嘱等)

　　He asked his lawyer to execute his will. 他请他的律师执行遗嘱。

　　exercise n【美】仪式,典礼[P] 【军】演习;操练[C]

　　Graduation exercises are usually held in June. 毕业典礼通常在六月举行。

　　The captain set his soldiers various exercises.上尉让他的士兵做各种操练。

　　vt.运用行使The king cannot exercise much political power.国王不能行使很多政治权力。

　　使犯愁This problem is exercising our mind very much at the moment.这个问题正困扰我们。

　　exhaust vt 详细阐述Karl Marx's books about human nature exhausted this subject.

　　卡尔.马克思的有关人性的书籍对此问题阐述极为详尽。

　　exhibit n在法庭提出的证物The first exhibit was a knife which the prosecution claimed was the murder weapon.

　　当庭出示的第一件证物是一把刀, 据原告称是谋杀凶器。

　　vt 显示出某种感情He exhibited great courage.他表现出极大的勇气。

　　exhibition n公开示范表演，奖学金

　　There's an exhibition of pottery-making at the fair.在集市上有陶器制作的示范表演。

　　exit n/ vi.退出, His farewell speech marked his exit from politics.他的告别演说是他退出政界的标志。

　　退场离开; 退场She exited in a hurry.她匆忙离去。

　　expand vi感到舒心感到欢畅(谈吐)放开

　　She expands only when being praised and flattered.她只有受到表扬和奉承的时才开心。

　　My father expanded a little when he had had a drink. 我父亲小酌之后,就变得健谈了。

　　vt详述He have expanded my view on the question. 他已详述了我对这个问题的观点。

　　expectation n期望,预期的事物[P1] The reward fell short of our expectations. 奖励不符我们的希望。

　　前程[P]He is a young artist with great expectations 他是一位有远大前程的青年艺术家

　　expedition n迅速, 动作敏捷;进行远征的人、车辆，船只

　　members of the Mount Everest expedition珠峰登山队队员

　　They carried out the captain's orders with all possible expedition.他们毫不迟疑地迅速执行船长的命令。

　　explode vi激增, 迅速扩大The population was still exploding.人口仍在迅猛增长。

　　vt推翻;驳倒;戳穿[H]The rumor has been exploded. 谎言被戳穿了。

　　exploit n.业绩, 功绩, 功勋, 事迹He performed many daring exploits.他有过很多英勇事迹。

　　vt剥削利用;利用...而自肥He is accused of exploiting child labor. 他被指控剥削童工。

　　Television advertisers can exploit a captive audience.电视广告商能利用被动观众。

　　exposure n(住的)朝向,方位She chose the room with an eastern exposure.她选了一朝东的房间。

　　宣扬Her new film has been a lot of exposure on television她的新片在电视上被大力宣扬。

　　expression n表情; 感情; 词, 措辞, 词组

　　All their expressions were not true.他们所有的表情都不是真的。

　　Her voice lacked expression.她的声音缺乏感情。

　　The fashionable remarks of today often become the commonplace expressions of tomorrow.

　　今天的时髦话往往变成明天的陈词滥调。

　　exquisite adj剧烈的,强烈的,尖锐的I couldn't sleep for exquisite pain. 我因剧痛而不能入睡。

　　敏锐的;有鉴赏力的The hostess had exquisite taste in clothes. 女主人对衣着很讲究。

　　extend vt致I would like to extend a warm welcome to visitors. 我想对来访者表示热烈的欢迎。

　　竭尽全力Tom didn’t really have to extend himself to the examination.汤姆真没必要全力去考试。

　　extent n程度;限度;范围[U][the S]To a certain extent, I am responsible for the delay. 在一定程度上,我对拖延负有责任。

　　extinguish vt 使失效【律】偿清Titles to the estate has not been extinguished.财产的所有权尚未失效。

　　extract vt设法得到(情报等) 利用...获得The police extracted some information from the thief. 警察从小偷问出一些情况。

　　extraordinary adj非同寻常的, 特别的;额外安排的, 临时的

　　A trunk is extraordinary long! 象的鼻子特别的长!

　　There will be an extraordinary meeting next Wednesday to discuss the emergencresolution.

　　下星期三将有一个额外安排的会议专门讨论紧急决议。

　　eye n眼力，鉴赏力He has a quick eye for mistakes. 他一眼就能看出错误。

　　vt看注视He eyed every change in the stock market. 他密切注视证券交易所的每一变化。

　　fable n无稽之谈[C]That is a mere fable. 那是无稽之谈。

　　大众谈资[the S]She became the chief fable of the town. 她成了镇上的中心话题。

　　vt虚构;撒谎[(+about)]He fabled about his lot. 他编造自己的身世。

　　facility n 方便便利;灵巧娴熟

　　By expanding our equipment, staff, and facility we could attract new customers while offering our present customers additional and faster services.

　　在我们为目前的客户提供附加的和便利之同时，须增加设备、人员和设施，我们才能吸引新的顾客

　　His facility with languages is amazing. 他运用语言的熟练程度实在是惊人。

　　fail vt有负于，抛弃.His friends failed him when he needed their help most. 当他最需要帮助的时,他的朋友们却辜负了他。

　　fairly adv相当地, 适度地This is a fairly easy book.这是一本相当地容易的书。

　　完全地, 简直It fairly destroyed the machine.它将那部机器完全毁了。

　　familiar adj 随便的冒昧的放肆的His manner is too familiar. 他的态度太随便了。

　　fancy adj别致的, 花式的, 花哨的The dress is too fancy for me.这件服装我穿太花哨了。

　　[美](商品, 特指食品)特选的; 特制的; 高档的.(价格)过高的;昂贵的[B]

　　The store sells fancy fresh fruits. 这商店出售特级鲜果。

　　He sells poor goods and charges fancy prices. 他出售的商品很糟,要价却非常昂贵。

　　fare n食物The fare here is simple but good.这里的伙食简单而可口。

　　vi.吃, 进食She fared plainly.她吃得很简单。

　　进展, 遭遇I think I fared quite well in the interview.我觉得我这次面试情况不错。

　　fashion after a fashion勉强，马马虎虎I can play the piano after a fashion.我多少会弹点钢琴。

　　fatal adj致命的,生死攸关的[(+to/for)]The shot was fatal. 这是致命的一枪。

　　fate n死亡, 毁灭Those evil men met with a terrible fate.那些坏人都罪有应得。

　　fatigue〈军〉杂役;(士兵干杂役时穿的)工作服[P]Instead of training the men were put on fatigues/fatigue duty.

　　那些士兵没有接受训练,而是派去做杂务.

　　fault vt. (通常用于疑问句或否定句)对...挑毛病;找...的缺点n 地质断层

　　It was impossible to fault her performance. 她的演出无懈可击。

　　Variations in rock type and structure in the fault zone would entail variations in slippage rate along the trace

　　断层区的岩石类型和构造的不同将会引起沿断痕滑动的速率的变化。

　　feast vi.大吃大喝, 享用美食Feast today and fast tomorrow.今朝大吃大喝, 明日忍饥挨饿

　　vt.款待、宴请(某人)I feasted my friends on my birthday.我生日时宴请了我的朋友们。

　　n(感官等方面的)享受,赏心乐事[(+for)]

　　A good debating contest is more than a feast for the ear. The contestants' brilliant delivery and repartee can be a tonic for one's intellect as well.

　　欣赏一场精彩的辩论会，不单是一种听觉上的享受，而且也有助于提高本身的知识水平和分析能力。

　　feather a feather in one’s cap 值得骄傲的事物

　　Winning the gold medal was yet an other feather in her cap.赢得金牌是她的另一荣誉。

　　feature n特写, 专题节目(电影的)正片, 故事片;特别的专栏

　　The local newspaper ran a feature on child labor.地方报纸登载一篇有关童工劳动的特写。

　　The feature begins at half past ten. 电影正片七点半开始。

　　vt. .以...为特色;是...的特色(电影)由...主演3特载,以...作为号召

　　The new movie features two of my favorite actors. 这部新片由我最喜爱的两位演员主演。

　　The museum's exhibit features paintings of colonial times. 博物馆的展品突出介绍殖民时代的绘画。

　　vi. 起重要作用;作为主要角色[(+in)]

　　Economic issues featured very largely in the Prime Minister's speech. 首相的讲话中很大一部分涉及经济问题

　　feed vt向…提供;满足(欲望等);加深(恶感等)

　　He did it to feed her vanity. 他那么做是为了满足她的虚荣心。

　　They tried to feed me a false line about unexpected extra expenses.

　　他们试图向我提供假情况来解释那些意想不到的额外开支。

　　feeling adj.富于同情心的，含情脉脉的 She has no feeling for the suffering of others.她对别人的痛苦没有同情心的。

　　fellowship n团体, 协会 给研究生等的)奖学金;讲学基金[C] .

　　(大学中的)研究员职位,研究员薪金[C]

　　I am applying for a fellowship. 我在申请研究生奖学金。

　　He went abroad on a fellowship. 他在研究员基金资助下出了国。

　　It looks that they'll be admitted to the fellowship.看来他们要被吸收入协会了。

　　fence vt为....做辩护;搪塞

　　He fences his doctrines with the specious plea that statesmen must live as the world lives.

　　他用似是而非的遁词为他的教义作辩护, 说政治家必须象世人那样活着。

　　fertile a 能生育的，能结果实的;Most chicken eggs are not fertile. 多数鸡蛋未受精。

　　具有想象力的He is fertile of imagination. 他想像力很丰富。

　　fetch “vt(某货物)卖得(多少钱)”

　　【真题例句】These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers

　　and regulators would like them to fetch. 【2010年阅读Text2】

　　这些规则写道，银行必须以第三方愿意支付的价格来估价一些资产，而不是以价格经理和管理者想要把这些

　　资产卖出去的价格。

　　【口】给...以(一拳,一击等)She fetched him a box on the ears. 她打了他一记耳光。

　　fever n狂热,高度兴奋[S1][U][(+of)];思潮

　　Everyone was in a fever of excitement. 所有的人都兴奋之极。

　　Football fever gripped the town when the local team reached the cup final.

　　在当地的足球队打进了优胜杯的决赛圈后，全市掀起一阵足球热。

　　fibre n 品质，品格 毅力力量

　　I love my country with every fibre of my being.我深爱我的祖国。

　　He is a man of real fibre.他是一个有骨气的男子。

　　fiction n虚构的或想像出的事, 并非完全真实的事【律】假定, 拟定

　　Her story was a pure fiction.她的故事纯属虚构。

　　Fact[Truth] is stranger than fiction.[谚]事实比小说还离奇。

　　It is a legal fiction that a corporation is a person.把团体法人当作一个人是一种法律上的假设。

　　field n(矿物的)产地; (学习或研究的)领域vt巧妙地回答

　　Capital construction is under way at several gas fields.几个天然气田正在进行基本建设。

　　What are his main fields of interest? 他感兴趣的主要领域是什么?

　　The Minister had to field some tricky questions from the reporters. 部长不得不巧妙地回答记者一些难以对付的问题。

　　figure n数字Where did you get those figures? 你从哪儿得到那些数字的?

　　数量;金额;价格His work now commands huge figures. 他的作品现在值大价钱。

　　图表;图解;插图Our textbook has many figures to help explain the lessons. 我们的教科书有许多图表帮助解释课文。

　　vi出现;露头角;扮演角色[(+as/in)]John figured as chief guest at the party. 约翰在这次聚会上是主宾。

　　file vt用锉锉; She was filing her nails.她在锉指甲。

　　【真题例句】But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she’d like to,

　　either. 【2004年阅读Text3】但是这个47岁的美甲师修剪磨挫上油的指甲却没有以前期望的那么多了。

　　提交(申请等), 呈递They filed an application to have their case heard early.他们申请早日审理他们的案子。

　　n纵列The soldiers were walking in single file.战士们排成一列纵队前进。

　　vi. 排成纵队行进[Q] 提出申请;提起诉讼[(+for)]

　　They filed past the grave of the national hero. 他们排成纵队走过那位民族英雄的坟墓。

　　She decided to file for divorce. 她决意起诉要求离婚。

　　fill vt.满足This should fill your requirements nicely.这将大大地满足你的要求。

　　任职Lucy is the best person to fill this secretary vacancy.露西是秘书这个空缺的**人选。

　　配药Her main job was filling the doctor's prescriptions.她的主要是给大夫开的药方配药。

　　n.填满…的量Would you like a fill of my tobacco?想抽一斗我的烟吗?

　　充分, 足够He ate his fill. 他吃了个够。

　　film n胶片, 胶卷The whole incident was recorded on film.整个事件都记录在胶片上了。

　　薄层, 薄膜There is a film of mist over the land.大地上笼罩着一层薄雾。

　　vt. & vi.(把…)拍摄(成)电影[电视等]The story won't film well.这部小说不宜拍成影片。

　　生薄膜;变得朦胧 Her eyes filmed over with tears. 她一双眼睛因泪水而模糊不清。

　　vt.(给…)覆上一薄层Thin ice filmed the lake.湖上结了一层薄冰。

　　filter vi透过,渗透;(消息等)走漏;(人群等)慢慢移动[Q];交通亮红灯禁行或右转时准许左转

　　News of the defeat filtered through. 失败的消息走漏了出来。

　　Sunlight filtered through the leaves. 阳光透过了树叶。

　　finance vt.为…供给资金从事金融活动Who finances this organization?谁给这个组织提供钱?

　　fine adj细微的,细微难察的[B] (讲话等)过于夸饰的;炫耀的纯净的,无杂质的纤细的;尖细的

　　【口】可怕的,极糟的[B]

　　There is a fine distinction between the two words. 这两个字之间有细微区别。

　　We've had enough of their fine speeches. 他们的漂亮言词我们已经听够了。

　　The watch is made of fine gold. 这表是纯金制的。

　　He made a fine mess of it. 他把事情搞得一团糟。

　　This pen has a fine point. 这支笔的笔尖细。

　　n罚金[C]The driver paid a fifty-dollar fine for speeding. 司机因超速行驶付了50罚金。

　　vt. 处...以罚金 精炼澄清

　　The judge fined him heavily. 法官重罚了他。

　　【真题例句】Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in

　　amply supply. 【2000年阅读Text5】

　　我们反而可以看清一些虚伪的现象，这些现象(的例子)似乎比以往任何时候都要多。

　　finish n结束;(比赛等的)最后阶段; [C] (家具等)抛光,末道漆(举止、讲话等)优雅,修养

　　The soldiers fought to the finish.士兵们坚持战斗到底。

　　The finish on the table was scratched by a knife. 桌面上的漆被刀子划破了。

　　His manner lacks finish. 他的举止欠雅。

　　fire n热情Zeal without knowledge is fire without light有热情而无知识,犹如有火焰而无光芒

　　磨难;苦难[U]go through fire and water 为...忍受巨大的苦难和危险;赴汤蹈火

　　射击;炮火;火力[U] The airplane drew the enemy's fire. 这飞机引起敌人的炮火。

　　激起;使激动[(+with)]Stories of adventure fire his imagination.冒险故事激发了他的想像力。

　　烘制Bricks are fired in a kiln. 砖是在窑中烧制的。

　　给(炉子等)加添燃料Would you please fire the furnace? 你去给炉子添加燃料好吗?

　　vt. & vi.开火; 射击起火;燃烧激动;突然发怒vt.〈口〉解雇

　　He ordered his men to fire.他命令他的士兵开枪。

　　The manager fired Bob because he was always late.鲍勃因上班总迟到而被经理解雇。.

　　Damp wood will not fire. 潮湿的木头不会燃烧。

　　He fired up at the remark. 他一听这话突然发怒了。

　　firework n发火发怒，激情迸发 Just you watch the fireworks when your father catches those boys!

　　等你父亲抓住那几个男孩子的时候，你就能看到他的火气有多大了。

　　firm n. 公司，商号

　　【真题例句】Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. 【2007年阅读Text4】

　　最近加州通过一项法律，在这之前美国公司在数据丢时不要通知任何人，甚至是受害者本人。

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