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　　2022考研英语复习要抓紧，尤其是英语阅读占得分值会比较多。考研英语阅读能力想提升，还需要考生不断地日积月累阅读文章才能进步！文都网校考研小编为大家分享2022考研英语经济学人：性格真的会决定成败吗？希望能帮助到大家~【文末领资料】

　　2022考研英语经济学人：性格真的会决定成败吗？

　　The modern manager has to play the role of coach in charge of their team. And that requires an understanding of the different personality types they may be managing, and indeed the role their own personality may play in the way they manage.

　　现代经理必须扮演教练的角色来管理他们的团队。这就需要了解他们可能会面对的不同性格类型，以及他们自己的性格在管理方式中可能扮演的角色。

　　Karl Moore, an associate professor at McGill University in Canada, has written two recent articles on the role of different personality types in business. One of the most common divides is between introverts and extroverts.

　　加拿大麦吉尔大学副教授卡尔·摩尔最近写了两篇关于不同性格类型在商业中所起作用的文章。最常见的是内向者和外向者之间的区别。

　　Mr Moore estimates that around 40% of the population are introverts, 40% are extroverts and 20% are “ambiverts” who can display both characteristics.

　　摩尔估计，大约40%的人属于内向型，40%的人属于外向型，还有20%的人属于“中间性格”(这类人可以同时表现出这两种性格) 。

　　It is easy to assume that the extroverts are most likely to go far in business. An academic study* found that extroverts were 25% more likely to be in a high-earning job than those who were less outgoing.

　　人们总是认为，外向的人最有可能在商业上顺风顺水。一项学术研究发现，外向的人从事高收入工作的可能性比不那么外向的人高出25%。

　　The chain of causation is not clear. It is possible that working in a high-paid job makes people more confident and outgoing, although personality traits tend to develop early in life.

　　其中的因果关系链尚不清楚。高收入工作可能会让人更有自信、更外向，尽管性格特征往往在生命早期就已形成。

　　The study also found that the children of professionals were more likely to be extrovert. It could simply be that children who grow up in more prosperous homes are less likely to face the kind of stressful events that undermine self-confidence.

　　研究还发现，专业人士的孩子更有可能性格外向。这或许只是因为在富裕家庭长大的孩子不太可能面对那种摧毁自信的压力事件。

　　People with higher self-confidence may apply for more prestigious jobs and may be more likely to believe that their efforts will be rewarded; those with a negative self-image may feel it is not worth trying too hard.

　　更有自信的人可能会申请更有声望的工作，也更有可能相信自己的努力会得到回报;那些自我形象消极的人可能会觉得不值得太努力。

　　So introverts should not give up hope of climbing the greasy pole. A study in 2017 found that introverts were slightly more likely than extroverts to surpass the expectations of boards and investors when appointed as chief executive.

　　所以内向的人不应该放弃勇攀高峰的希望。2017年的一项研究发现，当被任命为首席执行官时，内向者比外向者更有可能超出董事会和投资者的预期。

　　Ambiverts can be good salespeople because they are able to listen to their clients and understand their needs but also have the energy to sell their firms’ goods and services. Mr Moore thinks that successful executives have to become ambiverts at times in order to succeed. 中间性格者更有可能成为优秀的销售人员，因为他们能够倾听客户的意见，了解他们的需求，同时也有精力销售公司的产品和服务。摩尔认为，高管们有时想要成功就必须变成中间性格。

　　Introverts must try to show enthusiasm, or make a stirring speech, when the situation calls for it. And extroverts need to shut up and listen to their teams—not least because when the boss speaks first, subordinates will be reluctant to disagree.

　　当形势需要时，内向的人必须努力表现出热情，或者发表一场激动人心的演讲。外向的人则需要闭嘴并倾听他们的团队——尤其是因为当老板先说话时，下属将不愿提出异议。

　　By the same token, managers need to think about the different personality types when conducting meetings. It is easy for meetings to be dominated by extroverts, who have a tendency to speak the loudest and most often.

　　同理，管理者在主持会议时需要考虑与会者不同的性格类型。外向的人很容易在会议中占据主导地位，他们往往说话最大声、最频繁。

　　Introverts may never contribute to the discussion. In his book, “Running Meetings That Make Things Happen”, Jon Baker says that one answer is to circulate materials well in advance.

　　内向的人可能永远不会参与讨论。乔恩·贝克在他的著作《开会来解决问题》中说，解决这一问题的一个办法是提前分发材料。

　　Introverts, he writes, “don’t debate something as effectively if they’re still learning about it. If you want the views of the more detail-conscious members in your team, give them time to absorb the information.”

　　他写道，内向的人“如果还在学习，就不会对某事进行有效的讨论。如果你想听取团队中更注重细节的成员的意见，那就请给他们时间吸收信息。”

　　重难点词汇：

　　prosperous [ˈprɑːspərəs] adj. 繁荣的;兴旺的

　　prestigious [preˈstiːdʒəs] adj. 享有声望的;久负盛名的

　　reluctant [rɪˈlʌktənt] adj. 不情愿的;勉强的

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