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　　2022考研英语复习要抓紧，尤其是英语阅读占得分值会比较多。考研英语阅读能力想提升，还需要考生不断地日积月累阅读文章才能进步！文都网校考研小编为大家分享2022考研英语经济学人：为何日本年轻人不愿意出国了？希望能帮助到大家~【文末领资料】

　　2022考研英语经济学人:为何日本年轻人不愿意出国了?

　　With unemployment low, there is little professional advantage in doing so

　　在失业率很低的情况下，出国对就业没什么帮助

　　Saito Chihiro and Saito Seika have a lot in common: they are twins. Now 26. they grew up together in northern Tokyo. They share many interests, including a passion for Hollywood films. But their paths diverged when Chihiro moved to Hungary to study medicine, and Seika enrolled in a Japanese university to pursue art.

　　斋藤千寻和斋藤星华有着许多共同点：她们是一对双胞胎，现年26岁，从小一起在东京北部长大。她们有着许多共同爱好，包括对好莱坞电影的热爱。但当千寻远赴匈牙利学医、星华考入日本一所高校学习艺术时，她们的人生便开始分道扬镳了。

　　“I was always interested in the outside world,” Chihiro says. Her sister, too, considered studying overseas, but ultimately abandoned the idea. “I could learn a lot of things in Japan,” says Seika. “And I wasn’t sure if I could actually live abroad.”

　　千寻说：“我一直对外面的世界很感兴趣。”她的姐姐也曾考虑过出国留学，但最终放弃了这个想法。星华说：“在日本，我就可以学到很多东西，而且我不确定我是否真的能适应国外的生活。”

　　The rise of “inward-looking youth”, with little interest in venturing outside Japan, has caused consternation among Japanese journalists, policymakers and business leaders in recent years. Only 4% of all university students study overseas, says the education ministry.

　　近年来，“内向型青年”(即不愿出国闯荡的年轻人)的增多引起了日本记者、政策制定者和商业领袖的注意。日本教育部门表示，日本仅有4%的大学生在外留学。

　　Another government survey from 2019 found that just a third of young Japanese want to study abroad, compared with 66% of South Koreans and 51% of Germans. The Japanese are equally lukewarm about working overseas. A survey by Sanno University in 2017 found that 60% of young employees did not want to work in other countries, up from 36% a decade beforehand.

　　2019年，政府进行的另一项调查发现，仅有三分之一的日本年轻人有出国留学的意愿，相比之下，韩国和德国的这一比例分别为66%和51%。同样地，日本人也不愿出国工作。2017年，产业能率大学进行的一项调查发现，日本60%的年轻人不愿意在其他国家工作，而十年前的这一比例仅为36%。

　　This inward shift marks a departure. From the late 1980s to early 2000s, the number of Japanese seeking degrees overseas soared. A strong yen allowed many to study abroad without scholarships or loans. Japan’s biggest banks shipped out hundreds of their employees each year to business schools in America.

　　这种内向型的转变标志着一种背离。自上世纪80年代至本世纪初，日本海外留学的人数一直在激增。日元走强是的许多人无需奖学金或助学贷款即可出国留学。日本最大的几家银行每年都将数百名员工送往美国商学院。

　　“There were dozens of us Japanese in the same classroom at Harvard,” reminisces Hiraga Tomikazu of Osaka Seikei University, who attended Harvard Business School. “We would study together and share our notes, so we could all pass the course.”

　　曾就读于哈佛商学院、先就职于大阪成蹊大学的平田富和回忆道：“在哈佛商学院，一个教室里有几十号日本人，我们会一起学习，相互分享笔记，最终一起完成考试。”

　　Today Chinese and Indian students abroad far outnumber Japanese. That is partly because of Japan’s strong labour market. The unemployment rate hovered below 3% for the three years until the covid-19 pandemic began, when working or studying overseas became impractical anyway.

　　如今，中国和印度的留学生人数远远超过了日本。这在一定程度上是因为日本有着强劲的劳动力市场。在新冠肺炎疫情爆发前的三年里，日本的失业率一直处于3%以下的水平，在当时来看，出国工作或留学都很不切实际。

　　With new graduates easily finding jobs in Japan, there is “little merit” in studying or working abroad, says Yonezawa Akiyoshi of Tohoku University: “In a way, the Japanese labour structure does not discriminate based on academic background.” At any rate remuneration for those with degrees from foreign institutions is little different from that of colleagues who studied at home.

　　日本东北大学的米泽明吉表示，日本的应届生很容易就能找到工作，因此出国留学或工作“没什么意义”：“在某种程度上，日本的劳动力结构不会因学历而受到歧视。”不管怎样，那些海归人员的薪资待遇和国内毕业的同事没什么不同。

　　By the same token, experience of working abroad is seldom rewarded. Many firms instead prize “Japaneseness” among their employees, laments Kato Etsuko of the International Christian University in Tokyo. Experience abroad no longer seems to increase the chances of promotion. Employees who rotate around offices in Japan, as opposed to foreign branches, may even get promoted faster.

　　同样地，在国外工作的经验也少有回报。东京国际基督教大学的加藤悦子感叹道，许多公司反而看重员工的“国内经历”。海外经历似乎不再增加晋升的机会。在国内机构(而非国外分支机构)轮换的员工甚至能更快晋升。

　　The growing insularity is awkward for the government, which is eager to play a more active role on the international stage. “Japan is falling behind and hasn’t even noticed its decline,” says Mr Hiraga, who believes that the country’s influence is waning in Asia and beyond.

　　对于渴望在国际舞台发挥更积极作用的日本政府来说，这种与日俱增的孤立性很是尴尬。平田富和表示：“日本正在不知不觉地走向衰退。”他认为，日本在亚洲及其他地区的影响力正在减弱。

　　For firms, too, the scarcity of cosmopolitan young hires impedes their aspirations to do more business abroad. “There is so much growth and push to go overseas in other parts of the world,” says Mr Yonezawa. “That’s a wave Japan also needs to ride.”

　　对于日本企业来说，年轻的国际化雇员的稀缺也阻碍了他们在海外开展更多业务的愿望。米泽明吉表示：“其他国家正在增强其影响力，并且正在推动企业的海外发展，而日本也该跟上这一节奏。”

　　重难点词汇：

　　diverge [daɪˈvɜːrdʒ] vi. 分歧;偏离;分叉

　　consternation [ˌkɑːnstərˈneɪʃn] n. 惊愕;惊惶失措

　　lukewarm [ˌluːkˈwɔːrm] adj. 冷淡的;微温的

　　at any rate 无论如何;不管怎样

　　cosmopolitan [ˌkɑːzməˈpɑːlɪtən] adj. 世界性的;见多识广的

　　impede [ɪmˈpiːd] vt. 阻碍;妨碍;阻止

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