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　　2018年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析

　　Part C

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama.(46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.

　　When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48) but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49) A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.

　　The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.

　　【参考译文】

　　46.到莎士比亚出生的年代，欧洲经历了宗教戏剧的消亡，以及在古典悲剧和喜剧的影响下新的戏剧形式的产生。

　　【解析】by the date of his birth为时间状语，其中his指代Shakespear，应该翻译出来;witness“目睹，经历”;passing“流逝”，在此可以解释为“消亡”;and连接两个并列成分，the creation of new forms与the passing of the religious drama并列;incentive“鼓励”，也可以引申为“影响”;under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy充当状语。

　　47. 每个进入文法学校学习的少年都知道戏剧是一种文学形式，这种文学形式赋予希腊和罗马以荣耀，并且可能给英国带来荣耀。

　　【解析】no... ignorant...(无知的)双重否定表肯定;who went to a grammar school为定语从句，修饰限定boy;literature“文学”，其后which引导定语从句，对a form of literature进行修饰限定，其中and连接两个并列成分;glory“光荣，荣耀”;Greece“希腊”、Rome“罗马”和England“英国”这三个词属于专有名词，要求使用约定俗成的表达，一个字也不可以错。

　　48. 但是这些专业公司在其永久剧院中兴起来了，进而，一些有文学抱负的大学生很快投身到这些当作谋生手段的剧院中。

　　【解析】and连接两个并列句。prosper“繁荣，昌盛”;permanent theater可以解释为“常驻剧院”;with literary ambitons“怀有文学抱负”介词短语充当后置定语，修饰限定university men“大学生”;turn to“致力于，投身”;livelihood“营生，生计”。

　　49. 这些文学巨匠创造出了具有本土特色的文学戏剧，并使其与公共剧场结盟起来，至少一些伟大的传统已经开始了。

　　【解析】and连接两个并列句，its alliance with the public playhouses established为独立主格结构。英语多被动，汉语多主动。可将被动直接译为主动，更加符合汉语表达。alliance“联合，联盟”;playhouse“剧院”，相当于theater;at least“至少”。

　　50. 为了认识到戏剧行为的伟大性，我们必须进一步牢记许多戏剧形式已经消失了，而且可能没有一位著名作家的全部作品得以存留至今。

　　【解析】主干结构we must remember that...;that..., and that...为两个并列的宾语从句;to realize how great was the dramatic activity不定式短语充当状语;hosts of“许多”;no表示完全否定，可译为“根本没有”;of note“著名的”;whose entire work has survived为定语从句，修饰限定author of note。

　　2018年考研英语二翻译真题及答案解析

　　46. Directions:

　　Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

　　A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.

　　That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.

　　【译文】

　　一个五年级的学生需要完成一份作业，作业的内容是要从工作清单中选出自己未来的职业。他在“宇航员”那里画了线，但是又很快加上了“科学家”。他相信，如果他读的书够多，就可以任意选择他所喜欢的职业。所以他读了从百科全书到科幻小说非常多的书。他对于读书太过于痴迷以至于他的父母不得不制定了在餐桌上“禁止读书政策”。

　　这个男孩就是比尔盖茨，他至今都没有停止过阅读，即使已经成为世上最成功的人士之一。如今，他不仅阅读科幻作品和百科丛书：他最近透漏自己一年至少阅读50本非小说书籍，因为这些书揭秘了世界的运转方式。比尔盖茨说：“每一本书都开辟了探索知识的新路径”。

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