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Solar Eclipse in 1097 May Be Rock-Carving Subject

古代人的智慧，1000年前的全日食记录也有迹可循

　　More than 900 years ago, the Pueblo people were thriving in New Mexico’s Chaco Canyon. While they were there, the region experienced what the whole country is looking forward to on August 21st: a total solar eclipse. Theirs took place in the year 1097-and they may have left a record of the event.

　　900多年前，普韦布洛人在新墨西哥州查科峡谷过着繁荣昌盛的生活。那时在查科峡谷的人们也经历了类似现在整个美国都在翘首以盼的8月21日的日全食。那次日全食发生在1097年，普韦布洛人可能留下了日全食的记录。

　　I spotted this very peculiar petroglyph, which was a round object.

　　“我发现了一个非常奇特的岩石雕刻，上面是一个圆形物体。”

　　Kim Malville is a retired Solar Astronomer from the University of Colorado Boulder. In 1992, he and colleagues were leading a field course in Chaco Canyon when he noticed a unique carving on the south side of a rock.

　　金.马勒维尔是科罗拉多大学博尔德分校一位已退休的太阳天文学家。1992年，他和同事在查科峡谷地区进行实地考察时，他注意到一块石岩的南侧有一个独特的雕刻。

　　...which was a round object with loops coming out of it, and it struck me as maybe this was an image of the sun with the corona in a very active state. And maybe at that time, there is what is known as a coronal mass ejection.

　　“那是一个圆形物体，周围有圆环，这让我感到震惊，因为这可能是太阳日冕处于非常活跃状态时的图像。也许当时发生了日冕物质抛射。”

　　That’s when a giant cloud of plasma spirals off the sun’s surface because of a solar flare. "It was somewhat foolhardy I suppose, on our part to suggest a particular explanation for it." But Malville knew that he had a testable hypothesis.

　　日冕物质抛射是在太阳耀斑的作用下，巨型等离子云盘旋转逃脱太阳表面的现象。“我们对岩石雕刻进行了具体解释，不过这个解释也过于武断，我们需要确切的证据来证实”。不过，马勒维尔明白这确实是一个有待于证实的假设。

　　Astronomers knew that the region had a total solar eclipse on July 11, 1097. During the brief darkness, the sun’s corona would have been visible. Solar activity increases and decreases on a roughly 11-year cycle, so Malville used various historic records to find out what was happening in 1097.

　　天文学家都知道查科峡谷在1907年7月11日发生了日全食。在那短暂的黑暗期间，太阳日冕应该可见。太阳活动的增减周期约为11年，因此，马勒维尔利用各种历史记录来查证1097年到底发生了什么。

　　And all of these indicated that in 1097, the sun was indeed in a state of very high activity and thus, we couldn’t prove that this was actually an image of the corona, but we could not falsify our hypothesis.

　　“所有记录都表明，1097年太阳的确处于非常活跃的状态，但我们无法就此证明岩石上的形象就是日冕，但是我们也不能轻易否认自己的假设。”

　　In another portion of Chaco Canyon, a pictograph high on an overhang has been interpreted as marking a supernova explosion in 1054. Below that, a pictograph may mark the sighting of Hailey’s Comet in 1066.

　　在查科峡谷另一处，悬崖高处的象形文字经翻译后，发现是记录1054年发生的超新星爆炸事件。其下方的象形文字则可能记录的是1066年哈雷彗星经过地球的景象。

　　And all three of them may have played a role in intensifying people’s interest in the heavens and looking at the heavens very carefully.

　　“这三幅壁画可能在提高人们对天空的兴趣方面发挥了一定作用，让人们更仔细地观察天空。”

　　Which is exactly what millions of current residents will be doing during this summer’s solar eclipse over North America.

　　而这正是今年夏天北美洲日全食期间，数百万名居民会做的事。

　　Thanks for listening for Scientific American - 60-Second Science Science. I’m Emily Schwing.

　　谢谢大家收听科学美国人-60秒科学。我是埃米莉.施温。

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