2018考研翻译硕士:常用缩略词大盘点(2)
时间:2017-08-18 来源:文都网校 浏览:2018考研,掌握一定的翻译基础,大家才能够参考翻译硕士,翻译涉及范围很广泛,各个行业、领域,有很多专业的术语和众多的缩略。为此,文都网校考研频道小编要向大家分享一些经典的备考素材——一些常见的英语缩略,帮助大家打好基础,做好翻译。祝翻译硕士考研的同学们一切顺利!
常用英文缩略词:
∴=therefore
∵=because
△=replace
W/=with
Building=bldg
very expensive=v exp
education=edu
air-conditioner=a/c
CR=credit贷方,债主
DR=debt借贷方
(注意:国外常说的debt card,就是银行卡,credit card就是信誉卡。这里都是指银行和财务公司说的,你的银行卡,是你将钱放入银行,银行是“借贷方”,所以叫做debt卡。用credit卡,是你从银行或者财政公司借钱,银行或公司是“贷方”,所就叫credit。)
Exp=Expense花费,费用
O/H=overhead常用开支
TC=total cost总费用
FC=fixed cost常设费用
VC=variable cost变动费用
P=profit竟利润
S=sales销售总额
Rev=revenue利润
MC=marginal cost费用差额
GM=gross margin毛利
MR=marginal revenue利润差额
A/R=acount receivable待收款(销售后,记账以后收取。)
A/P=account payable代付费(花费后记账,以后付费。)
PMT=payment支付款
N/I=net income纯收入
AMT=amount数额
DCT=discount打折
军事术语
USMC=海军陆战队 NAVY=海军
AF=AIR FORCE(空军) ARMY=陆军
宗教类
C=CHRISTIANISM(基督教) J=JUDAISM(犹太教)
C=CATHOLICISM(天主教) B=BUDDHISM(佛教)
I=ISLAM(伊斯兰教) NR=NO REFERENCE(没有宗教信仰)
国际性或全美性:
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural organization)联合国教育科学文化组织(也叫国际文教组织)
NATO(North Atlantic Treaty organization)北大西洋公约组织。
例如:Could(the)NATO members stick to their commitments?(NATO 的成员能坚守承担义务吗?)
SALT(Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty)战略武器限制公约
例如:Should every nation join(the)SALT?(每个国家都要加入 SALT?)
NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)美国航天太空总署
例句:The U.S. space programs depend on the performances of NASA.(美国的太空计画是靠NASA的表现而定。)
(注:以上缩写字也被人们当做一个字看待)
WHO(World Health organization)世界卫生组织
例句:Taiwan has been trying to become one of the WHO members.(台湾一直想办法成为WHO的成员之一)
FBI(Federal Bureau of Investigation)联邦调查局(负责美国境内)
CIA(Central Intelligence Agency)中央情报局(负责国外)
例句:Over the past years, Dr. and Mrs. Lee have worked for both FBI and CIA.(过去多年来李博士夫妇都为 FBI 和 CIA 工作)
FDA(Food and Drug Administration)美国食品药物管理局
例句:This new drug has to be approved by the FDA.(这新药要经 FDA 批准)
USDA(United States Department of Agriculture)美国农业部
例句:USDA supplies myriad of information on agriculture market.(有关农业市场,USDA 供应大量资料。)
IRS(Internal Revenue Service)美国税务局
例句:Employees working for IRS should be courteous toward tax payers.(IRS 员工对纳税人应该有礼貌)
NAACP(National Association for the Advancement of Color People)(全国黑人权益促进会,即黑人为了增进权益的最大机构)
例句:Many African-Americans join NAACP.(许多美国黑人参加 NAACP)
NIH(National Institute of Health)
例句:Mr. Wang has worked at NIH as a researcher.(王先生在 NIH 担任研究员)
AARP (American Association of Retired People.)(美国退休人员协会)
例句:At age 50, you are eligible to be a member of AARP.(如果你 50 岁就可以成为 AARP 的会员)
AAUP (American Association of University Professors) (美国大学教授协会)
例句:The AAUP has many branches at different colleges and universities in the U.S. (AAUP 在美国各大学有很多分会)
SCORE (Services Corps of Retired Executives)(退休主管服务队)(这是美国企业界主管退休后,免费担任顾问,协助年轻人创业的团体。)
(注意:corps 单复数一样,发音与 corpse 不同,要小心。)
(注:老外在机构名称缩写字前面,有时加冠词 the, a ,an,有时不加,不过在正式文件里,通常都加。)
2. 一般考试名称:
SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) 学术能力倾向测验 (就是美国为高中生想进大学而设的考试)
例句:The well-known universities accept new students based on SAT scores and well-rounded personalities. (名大学接受新生根据 SAT 成绩及各方面优良的品德)
GPA (Grade Point Average)(学业成绩总平均)
例句:His GPA always stands on the top of his class. (他的 GPA 都是全班第一)
GED (General Equivalent Diploma); 一般同等文凭(高中没有毕业的学生,如果参加 GED,及格后,就可取得高中毕业证书)
例句:If he passes GED test, he will earn a high school diploma.
AP (advanced placement) 在校高中生,如果选修 AP 课程,考试及格,将来进大学时,可不必再修。
例句:His son took some AP courses at high school.
GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test) 美国为攻读企管硕士 (MBA) 学生而设的入学考试
例句:In order to enter a MBA program, you need a high score on GMAT.
LSAT (Law School Admission Test) 美国为攻读法律学生而设的入学考试
例句:He did very well in his LSAT. (他的 LSAT 考得不错)
MCAT (Medical College Admission Test) 美国为进入医学院学生而设的考试
例句:Do you think he will do well in his MCAT?
GRE (Graduate Record Exam) 这是美国大学研究所对一般研究生的入学考试
例句:Most American graduate schools require GRE scores.(多半美国研究所需要 GRE 成绩)
TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) 外国学生想进美国大学的英语能力考试(即所谓:「托福」考试)
例句:Almost all Chinese college graduates are required to take TOEFL if they come to the U.S. for advanced degrees. (几乎所有的中国大学毕业生都要参加 TOEFL,假如他们要到美国取得高学位的话。)
CLEP(College Level Exam Program) 任何人只要有学识专长,都可参加这种考试,一旦及格,就可取得大学的学分。
例句:As long as you pass CLEP, You may earn college credits.(只要你通过 CLEP,就能获得大学学分。)
(注:老外一般所谓「大学」只说 College,不说 University)
ESOL(English for Speakers of Other Languages) 这是美国为新来移民或外国学生所设的特别英语课程。也叫 ESL(English as a Second Language)
例句:Many American campuses offer ESOL courses for foreign students.(许多美国校园为外国学生开设 ESOL 课程)
3. 一般生活方面:
EOE (Equal Opportunity Employer) 这是美国各机构招考员工时向申请工作者表明自己是「平等机会雇主」。
例句:All African-Americans hope that their employments will be based on EOE.(所有美国黑人都希望他们的工作机会均等)
DOQ (Depending on Qualifications) 根据申请工作者的资历决定是否雇用。
例句:The DOQ policy is being used by our school in hiring new teachers. (聘请新教师时,本校采用 DOQ 政策。)
PR (Public Relation) 公共关系
例句:The college president wants to improve its PR with the community.(大学校长想与社区增进公共关系)
CEO (Chief Executive Officer) 最高行政执行长 (多半指企业界或公司领导人)
例句:The CEO of this company will resign because of poor health. (这公司的 CEO 因为身体不好而辞职)
CPA (Certified Public Accountant) 美国有执照的会计师
例句:Do you have a CPA to prepare your income tax?(你有 CPA 为你报税吗?)
COLA (Cost of Living Adjustment) 生活费用的调整(即加薪时是按生活指数而定)
例句:Our annual pay raise will be based on COLA.
STD (Sexually Transmitted Disease) = VD = Venereal Disease 性病(现在 STD 较常用)
例句:Many teen-agers face STD problems.(许多青少年面临 STD 问题)
SOA (Sexually oriented Advertisement) 有关性方面的广告
例句:Don't you feel we have too much SOA in the media?(你不认为在媒体上有太多的 SOA 吗?)
GOP (Grand Old Party) 美国共和党另一称呼 = Republican Party
例句:The GOP has nominated Mr. Bush as its Presidential candidate.(GOP 已提名 Bush 先生为总统候选人)
PMS (Pre-menstrual Syndrome) 这是女人在月经前不舒服或心情不好所常用的缩写字
例句:Don't bother her; she has PMS.
ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) 指青少年不能集中注意力,静不下来的一种病症。
例句:Tens of thousands of youngsters are suffering from ADHD in the U.S. (在美国成千上万的青少年有 ADHD 的毛病)
RSVP (Respondez sil vous plait) 这是法文,通常在请帖上使用的「敬请回音」= Please reply(或 respond)
例句:There is“RSVP”on the invitation card.
BYOB (bring your own bottle) 老外请客时,为了减少负担或个人爱好酒的品种,在请帖上注明「请自己带酒」。
例句:Whenever he invites guests, he asks “BYOB”。 (他只要请客,就要人家自己带酒。)
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Sydrome) 爱滋病
例句:AIDS has spread all over the world.
CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation) 心脏病急救法
例句:Everyone should learn how to do CPR.
EKG (Electrocardiography) 心电图检查 (不是 ECG)
例句:Her physician asks her to have an EKG next week. (医生要她下周做 EKG)
IV (intravenous injection) 为病人注射的点滴
例句:In the hospital emergency room, I saw a patient with an IV on his arm. (在医院大的急诊病房里,我看见一个病人在打点滴)
R&B----research and development 研究开发
CAD----computer assisted design 计算机辅助设计
CTV----cable television 有线电视
PCS----program control switches 程控电话交换机
IDD----international direct dialing 国际长途直拨
Int-tele----internet telephone 因特网电话
Mob tele----mobile telephone 移动电话
B-ISTN---- 宽带综合业务数字网
E-b----E-business 电子商务
SOE----state-owned enterprise 国有企业
FIE----foreign-invested enterprise 外资企业
FDI----foreign direct investment 外国直接投资
JV ----joint venture 合资经营
SEZ----special economic zone 经济特区
TQC----total quality control 全面质量管理
CI ----corporate image 企业形象
h.o.---head office 总部
IT-----information industry 信息产业
memo---memora0000 备忘录
5yr-P-----Five-Year Plan 五年计划
telcom-----telecommunication 通讯
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