考研

　　考研英语阅读能力提升需要不断地积累练习，通过阅读来积累词汇量，提升阅读速度和理解能力。暑期强化复习，阅读强度要加大，分享一些有关政治、经济、文化、生活、体育、科技等方面的文章，大家要多多拓展。下面一篇文章是每天刷牙两次可预防癌症。

　　2017考研英语拓展阅读：每天刷牙两次可预防癌症

　　Brushing your teeth regularly could help to prevent bowel cancer, a study suggests.

　　据研究显示，定期刷牙可有助于预防肠道癌。

　　This is because the mouth bacteria that cause bleeding gums can travel via the blood to the bowel where they could trigger cancer or worsen existing tumours.

　　这是因为人口中有可以引起牙龈出血的细菌，而这些细菌能够通过血液进入肠道，从而引发癌症或者恶化已有的肿瘤症状。

　　The bug fusobacterium has been found to be hundreds of times more common in cancerous tumours than in normal cells.

　　和正常细胞相比，在恶性肿瘤细胞中发现“梭杆菌(fusobacterium)”的几率要高几百倍。

　　Now researchers have found that the microbes can make pre-cancerous growths in the bowel turn cancerous. They can also make any existing tumours in the bowel grow larger.

　　现在研究员们已经发现，这种细菌能够使得肠道中的良性肿瘤恶化演变成为癌症。

　　Scientists are investigating how the bacteria make their way to the gut through the bloodstream. One theory is that it may happen if a person has bleeding gums.

　　目前科学家们正在研究这种细菌到底是如何通过血液循环进入肠道的。有人提出，如果一个人牙龈出血的话，那么这种细菌就有可能进入肠道。

　　The researchers found that the bacteria have a protein that allows them to stick to sugar molecules attached to benign growths called polyps as well as cancer tumours in the bowel.

　　研究者们发现，这种细菌携带有一种蛋白质，这种蛋白质使得它们可以黏在糖分子上，从而依附在肠道内促进息肉或者癌症肿瘤的生长。

　　The bacteria are anaerobic – they do not breathe oxygen – so are well suited to live in the bowel.

　　这种细菌是一种厌氧菌(不蓄意呼吸氧气)，因此它们很适合在肠道内生存。

　　After sticking to the polyps or tumours, the presence of the bacteria promotes their growth, according to the research published in Cell Growth and Microbe.

　　据这份发表在《细菌生长与微生物》杂志上的研究来看，在附着在息肉或者肿瘤上之后，这种细菌将会促进它们的生长。

　　By targeting this process, the researchers believe that it may lead to new drugs to treat bowel cancer which around one in 20 of us will develop in our lifetimes.

　　通过对这一过程的研究，研究者们认为这有可能会导致开发出新药物来治疗肠癌(每20个人之中就会有一个人患肠癌)。

　　Co-author Wendy Garrett, a professor at Harvard University’s TH Chan School of Public Health, said a greater understanding of the mechanism may help stop people developing cancerous tumours.

　　来自哈佛大学TH Chan公共卫生学院的教授是温蒂·加勒特是这项研究的联合作者，她指出对这一机制的更进一步理解有可能帮助人们不再患癌症。

　　She added: ‘Alternatively, and perhaps more importantly, our findings suggest that drugs targeting the same or similar mechanisms of bacterial sugar-binding proteins could potentially prevent these bacteria from exacerbating colorectal cancer.’

　　她补充说道：“或者，也许更加重要的是，我们的研究结果表明如果立足于相同或者相似的细菌糖结合蛋白机制的研究，那么就有可能防止这些细菌恶化肠癌。”

　　Fusobacterium worsens gum disease in the mouth because it acts as an ‘anchor’ around teeth and gums for other bacteria, helping to cause a biofilm – a ‘mat’ of different bacteria that eat away at the gums, causing inflammation, and loosening the teeth.

　　口腔内的梭杆菌可以恶化牙龈病，因为这种细菌就好像其他细菌的“锚”一样环绕在牙齿和牙龈的周围，从而有助于形成一个生物膜--各种细菌在这里堆积厚厚的一层，把牙龈周围都侵蚀殆尽，导致发炎、牙齿松动。

　　As well as worsening cancer, the bugs have also been found to worsen the bowel condition ulcerative colitis, which in turn is also linked to cancer.

　　除开能够恶化癌症外，这种细菌也能够恶化肠道条件，导致溃疡性结肠炎，这反过来又和癌症有关。