考研

　　2015年9月18日，2016年全国硕士 研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲终于出炉。通过与《2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语 考试大纲》对比，发现无论是英语(一)还是英语(二)，2016年考研英语大纲传统阅读部分内容均没有实质性变化。考生可以按照原有的复习思路进行系统、深度地复习，这体现了英语试题趋于稳定性的规律。

　　英语二考研大纲阅读模块中，“根据阅读材料，考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义”。这就考生能够通读全文，理解文章大意。对于这类题型，我们文都网校名师在课堂教学中称之为“主题题”。它往往出现在每篇文章的最后一题。它的表现形式往往如下所示：

　　What is the main idea/subject of this passage?

　　This passage is mainly/primarily concerned with__

　　The main theme/point of the passage is_____

　　Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

　　Which of the following best describes that passage as a whole?

　　In this passage the author mainly argues that__

　　What does that author intend to convey through the passage?

　　The central idea conveyed in the above passage is that_______.

　　对于“主题题”，小编告诉你们一个诀窍，那就是找“高频词”或者“高频句”。只要选项中的重点词在原文中出现多次，那它很可能就是答案。不多说了，真题为例。

　　【2013年考研英语阅读真题】

　　Text 1

　　In an essay entitled “Making It in America,” the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”

　　Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.

　　In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.

　　Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, U.S. factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total-disappeared.”

　　There will always be change-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.

　　In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to buttress employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.

　　25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?

　　A. Technology Goes Cheap. B. New Law Takes Effect.

　　C. Recession Is Bad. D. Average Is Over.

　　从文中，我们不难找出，选项A中的关键词Technology出现一次（黑体字）；选项B中的关键词New Law和Effect没有出现；选项C中的关键词Recession 出现一次（斜体字）；而选项D中的关键词Average Is Over出现两次（黑体加下划线），并且还是原句出现。因此，我们可以判定，文章就是围绕Average Is Over这个话题展开的。因此，答案选D。

　　Text 2

　　A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.

　　Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.

　　Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.

　　With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.

　　Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.

　　30. The most appropriate title for this text would be        .

　　A. Come and Go: Big MistakeB. Living and Thriving: Great Risk

　　C. Legal or Illegal: Big MistakeD. With or Without: Great Risk

　　从文中，我们不难找出，选项A中的关键词Come and Go出现一次（黑体字）；选项B中的关键词. Living and Thriving出现一次（黑体）；选项C中的关键词 Legal or Illegal出现三次（黑体加下划线），并且还原句出现两次；选项D中的关键词With or Without出现一次（黑体）。因此，我们可以判定，文章就是围绕 Legal or Illegal这个话题展开的。因此，答案选C。

　　主题题的解题关键是在于通读全文后，对文章整体的把握。答题关键在于找主题词和高频词。希望还在考研路上奋斗的你，读透真题，学会方法，做到事半功倍。最后，祝大家金榜题名！

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