考研

　　2019考研正在紧张的进行中，为了能达成自己当时定下的目标，不管怎样也都要坚持下去，小编今天为大家分享翻译硕士考研相关的内容，供大家参考哦~

　　What they don’t tell you

　　他们隐瞒了什么

　　Stopping the flow of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere is not enough. It has to be sucked out, too.

　　单纯阻止二氧化碳进入大气层是不够的，也对其进行吸收。

　　TWO years ago the world pledged to keep global warming “well below” 2°C hotter than pre-industrial times. Climate scientists and campaigners purred. Politicians patted themselves on the back. Despite the Paris agreement’s ambiguities and some setbacks, including President Donald Trump’s decision to yank America out of the deal, the air of self-congratulation was still on show among those who gathered in Bonn this month for a follow-up summit.

　　两年前，世界承诺将全球平均温升“彻底”控制在工业化前水平2度之内。气候学家和活动家们都在追求这个，政客们互相拍拍背。尽管《巴黎协议》模棱两可还经历一些挫折，比如美国总统唐纳德·特朗普决定让美国退出该协议，本月在波恩举行的后续峰会上，仍有人沾沾自喜。

　　Yet the most damaging thing about America’s renewed spasm of climate-change rejection may not be the effect on its own emissions, which could turn out to be negligible. It is the cover America has given other countries to avoid acknowledging the problems of the agreement America is abandoning.

　　然而，美国对气候变化的新一轮抵制，最 具破坏性的可能不是对其自身排放的影响，那可能是微不足道的。这是美国给其他国家的幌子，回避美国放弃的协议面临的问题。

　　The Paris agreement assumes, in effect, that the world will find ways to suck CO2 out of the air. That is because, in any realistic scenario, emissions cannot be cut fast enough to keep the total stock of greenhouse gases sufficiently small to limit the rise in temperature successfully. But there is barely any public discussion of how to bring about the extra “negative emissions” needed to reduce the stock of CO2. Unless that changes, the promise of limiting the harm of climate change is almost certain to be broken.

　　《巴黎协议》实际上假定世界设法从空气中吸收二氧化碳。这是因为，在任何现实情况下，排放速度都不足以使温室气体总量足够小，从而能够成功控制温升。但是，几乎没有任何公众讨论如何为减少二氧化碳存量实现额外的“负排放”。除非这种改变，否则限制气候变化危害的承诺必然会破灭。

　　Don’t be so positive

　　不要过于积极

　　Fully 101 of the 116 models the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change uses to chart what lies ahead assume that carbon will be taken out of the air in order for the world to have a good chance of meeting the 2°C target. The total amount of CO2 to be soaked up by 2100 could be a staggering 810bn tonnes, as much as the world’s economy produces in 20 years at today’s rate. Putting in place carbon-removal schemes of this magnitude would be an epic endeavour even if tried-and-tested techniques existed.

　　政府间气候变化专门委员会的116个模型中，有101个用来描绘未来的假设，即碳将被从空气中抽走，以使世界有机会达到2摄氏度的目标。到2100年，吸收二氧化碳的总量将达到惊人的8100亿吨，与世界经济20年来的产量一样。即使经过反复试验的技术存在，实施如此大规模的碳清除计划也耗费巨大。

　　They do not. A few power stations and industrial facilities capture CO2 that would otherwise end up in the air and store it away underground, a practice known as carbon capture and storage. But this long-touted approach to cutting emissions still operates on only a very small scale, dealing with just a few tens of millions of tonnes of CO2 a year. And such schemes merely lower emissions; they do not reverse them.

　　他们不会那么做。一些发电站和工业设施捕获的排放到空中的二氧化碳，并将其储存在地下，这种做法称为碳捕获和储存。但是，这种长期被吹捧的减排方法仍然只适用于很小范，每年处理的二氧化碳仅为数千万吨。这样的计划只会降低排放量，而不会让事情逆转。

　　What might? One option is to plant more forests (which act as a carbon sink) or to replace the deep-ploughing of fields with shallow tillage (which helps soils absorb and retain more CO2). Another is to apply carbon capture and storage to biomass-burning power plants, stashing the carbon sucked up by crops or trees burnt as fuel. Fancier ideas exist. Carbon could be seized directly from the air, using chemical filters, and stored. Or minerals could be ground up and sowed over land or sea, accelerating from aeons to years the natural weathering process that binds them to CO2 to form carbonate rocks.

　　怎么办?一种是种植更多森林(作为碳汇)，或者用浅耕(帮助土壤吸收和保留更多二氧化碳)来代替深耕土地。另一种是将碳捕捉和储存应用于生物燃烧的发电厂，将农作物或树木吸收的碳作为燃料。更奇特的想法也存在。碳可以用化学过滤器直接从空气中获取并储存。或者，矿物可以撒在陆地或海洋上，把千百年的自然风化过程加速到数年，将它们与二氧化碳结合形成碳酸盐岩。

　　Whether any of these technologies can do the job in time is unknown. All of them are very expensive and none is proven at scale. Persuading Earth’s swelling population to plant an India’s worth of new trees or crops to produce energy, as the cli- mate simulations require, looks highly improbable. Changing agricultural practices would be cheaper, but scientists doubt that this would suck up enough CO2 even to offset the green- house gases released by farming. Direct air capture and enhanced weathering use less land, but both are costlier. Though renewable energy could profitably generate a fair share of the world’s electricity, nobody knows how to get rich simply by removing greenhouse gases.

　　这些技术是否能及时完工尚不可知，这些都非常昂贵，也没有得到大量证明。说服地球上不断膨胀的人口种植印度的新树木或农作物来生产能源，看起来极不可能。改变农业的做法会更廉价，但科学家们怀疑这是否会吸收足够多的二氧化碳，来抵消农业释放出来的温室气体。直接空气捕捉和增强风化作用占用的土地较少，但两者都很昂贵。尽管可再生能源能在全球发电中占相当比重，但没人知道如何通过不断变化的温室气体致富。

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