考研

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　　Summer really DOES cause hot tempers: Heatwaves make people moody and unhelpful, study claims

　　夏天到了脾气变得暴躁?都是天气太热惹的祸!

　　Summer’s hot temperatures can make people feel exhausted - but also make them extremely grumpy, a study claims.

　　夏季炎热的天气会让人觉得很累，但据一项研究显示也会让人非常暴躁。

　　Northwestern researchers found that when people are uncomfortably hot, they are less willing to be helpful and are often more moody.

　　西北大学的研究者们发现，当人们热得不舒服时，他们就会不太那么愿意帮助别人、而且会变得更加喜怒无常。

　　Previous studies show that in addition to having foul moods, soaring temperatures can cause people to be more violent and aggressive, with crime rates peaking during the summer.

　　之前的研究显示，除了会让人脾气不好之外，气温飙升还会导致人们更加暴力和好斗——夏季往往是犯罪率最高的时候。

　　Experts believe these negative behaviors stem from exhaustion and dehydration, which puts people in testier moods.

　　专家认为，这些负面行为源于疲劳和脱水，从而使得人们的情绪易怒。

　　The study was done in three parts and conducted by researchers at Northwestern University in Illinois and Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

　　该项研究分为三部分，分别由伊利诺伊州西北大学、以及宾州伯利恒的理海大学的研究者们进行。

　　The goal of the study was to examine how heat influenced people to be less helpful.

　　该项研究旨在探讨炎热如何使得人们不愿意帮助别人。

　　Researchers first looked at data provided by a Russian retail chain that allowed them to see how environments impacted workers.

　　研究人员首先查看了由一家俄罗斯零售连锁店提供的数据，使得他们了解环境如何对工人造成影响。

　　Those working in hot temperatures were 50 percent less likely to help customers, actively listen to someone and to make suggestions.

　　对于那些在高温下工作的人来说，他们有50%的几率更不愿帮助顾客、主动听取别人意见、或者提出建议等。

　　Liuba Belkin, lead author of the study, said in an interview with Quartz: ’To our knowledge, this was the first study to establish the connection between ambient temperature and a reduction of prosocial behavior with data.

　　该研究主要作者柳芭·贝尔金在采访中对《Quartz》表示：“据外我们所知，这是第一次用数据研究的方式来探讨环境温度和人亲社会行为减少之间的联系。”

　　’The point of our study is that ambient temperature affects individual states that shape emotional and behavioral reactions, so people help less in an uncomfortable environment, whatever the reason they come up with to justify why they cannot do.’

　　“我们研究的重点是，环境温度会影响形成情绪和行为反应的个体状态，因此人们在不舒服的环境中会不那么爱帮助别人，不管他们为此想出什么正当的理由。”

　　In the second part of the study, researchers used an online survey where half of the paid participants were asked to recall a time they were uncomfortably hot.

　　在研究第二部分，研究者们使用了一项在线调查，要求一半的有偿参与者们回忆起一个热得不舒服的时刻。

　　After finishing a set of questions, both groups were asked to help with a second study, but they wouldn’t be paid.

　　在回答完一系列问题之后，两组人都被请求无偿帮助第二项研究。

　　Out of those who were asked to recall a time they were hot, only 34 percent agreed to help out with the second survey.

　　在那些被要求回忆热的不舒服时刻的人中，只有34%的人选择帮助第二项研究。

　　This was compared to the other group who weren’t asked about a hot day, where 74 percent willingly did the second survey for free.

　　而在另一组没有要求回忆热的不舒服的人中，愿意帮助第二项研究的人数达到了74%。

　　The last part of the study found people in a hot room were less likely to fill out a questionnaire at 64 percent, compared to people in a cool room at 95 percent.

　　研究最后、一部分发现，身处炎热房间的人更不愿意填写一份问卷——仅有64%人填写了问卷，而凉爽房间里95%的人填写了问卷。

　　Those in the stuffy room were also six times less helpful than those in the other room in regards to quality and quantity of answers given.

　　在问题回答的数量和质量方面，闷热房间的人不愿意帮助的程度是其他房间的6倍。

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