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Snail’s DNA secrets unlocked in fight against river disease

隐藏在蜗牛基因里的秘密--科学家破解蜗牛DNA以对抗血吸虫病

　　导读:在亚热带和热带每年有数百万人受到血吸虫病的影响。这种由淡水蜗牛传播的寄生虫病，一直是困扰科学家们的一道难题。如今通过破解蜗牛DNA，有望达到控制血吸虫病的目的。

　　Scientists have decoded the genome of a snail involved in the spread of a deadly parasitic disease.

　　科学家已经破译了一种致命的寄生虫病所牵涉到的一只蜗牛的基因组。

　　They say the information will help in the fight against schistosomiasis, an infection caused by a parasitic worm that lives in streams and ponds.

　　科学家说这些信息有助于抗击血吸虫病，一种由存活在溪流和池塘中的寄生虫所引发的传染病。

　　The disease affects millions of people a year in sub-tropical and tropical regions.

　　这种疾病每年在亚热带和热带地区影响着数百万人。

　　More than 100 researchers from around the world have unlocked the DNA secrets of a snail that transmits the parasite.

　　来自全球超过100名研究人员破解了一只传播这种寄生虫的蜗牛DNA的秘密。

　　They say it will help in the understanding of the snail’s biology, including new ways to stop the parasite spreading to people.

　　研究人员表示这将有助于了解蜗牛的生物学，包括阻止这寄生虫传播给人类的新方法。

　　"Having the knowledge means we can progress at a much faster pace at understanding the disease and reducing the number of people infected," said Dr Joanna Bridger of the University of Brunel, a co-researcher on the study.

　　布鲁内尔大学的博士，该研究的合作者乔安娜布里杰说：“掌握了这些知识，意味着我们在深入了解疾病和减少人类感染方面可以更快速的取得进展。”

　　The snail (Biomphalaria glabrata) is found in South America.

　　这只蜗牛(光滑双脐螺)是在南美被发现的。

　　Related snails are responsible for transmitting the parasite in sub-Saharan Africa, where most cases occur.

　　其他类似的蜗牛在撒哈拉以南的非洲发生的大多数传染病中都是罪魁祸首。

　　People become infected when larval forms of the parasite - released by freshwater snails - penetrate the skin in contaminated water.

　　当血吸虫的幼虫被淡水蜗牛释放到水中，再通过被污染的水穿透皮肤，人就会受到感染。

　　In the body, the larvae develop into adult worms, which live in the blood vessels and release eggs.

　　在人体内，幼虫在血管里寄生，发展为成虫并产卵。

　　Some of the eggs are passed out of the body to continue the parasite’s lifecycle.

　　一些虫卵被排除体外，以继续其寄生虫的生命周期。

　　Others become trapped in body tissues, causing damage to organs.

　　其他的被困在人体组织内，导致人体器官的损害。

　　There is no vaccine for schistosomiasis and current control measures involve mass administration of the drug, praziquantel.

　　目前还没有血吸虫病的疫苗，主要的控制方法是药品吡喹酮的管理和使用.

　　Scientists now hope to develop new treatments, perhaps by disrupting the snail’s mating habits.

　　科学家现在寄希望于发现新的解决方案，也许是通过破坏蜗牛的交配习惯。

　　The information will also be useful in tracking snail populations that differ in how they transmit the parasites.

　　这些信息也有助于追踪不同的蜗牛群体如何传播寄生虫的方法。

　　"This work provides several inroads for control of Biomphalaria snails to reduce risks of schistosome (re) infection of endemic human populations, an important component of the WHO strategy aimed at elimination of the global health risks posed by schistosomiasis," said the researchers in the journal, Nature Communications.

　　记者在自然通信杂志的日志里写到：“这项工作提供了几种控制扁卷螺属类蜗牛的方法，减少了特有人群感染血吸虫病的风险，是世界卫生组织旨在通过控制血吸虫病来达到消除全球健康风险策略的重要组成部分。”

　　The research was led by Prof Coen Adema from the University of New Mexico.

　　该研究由新墨西哥大学的科恩博士牵头。

　　Several UK research teams were involved, including the universities of Brunel, Aberdeen, Aberystwyth, Westminster, Kingston, Oxford, and the Natural History Museum.

　　其中有包括布鲁内尔大学、阿伯丁大学、阿伯里斯特威斯大学、威斯敏斯特大学、金斯敦大学、牛津大学和自然历史博物馆等几个英国的研究团队。

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